tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-61291482248107599802024-03-04T21:32:45.244-08:00WYNLAND of WESTWynland of West was a Norse Christian settlement on the Red River of the North from 1121 to 1362.
"Wynland" is pronounced as "Vinland." "Wyn," meant "fine, smooth, cleared [of trees]." The land along the Red River of the North is fine, relatively smooth and cleared of trees. Fargo ND and Moorhead MN, which are both Norse names, were major villages in Wynland of West. Norse Christians, who called themselves "Lenape" came to Wynland of West by 1,000 AD.LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.comBlogger69125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-56282034172170800342019-10-01T12:17:00.001-07:002019-10-01T12:17:06.027-07:00DUPLICATE ?<div style="margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b>AD 1866</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">In 1866 Daniel G Bighton wrote in 'Myths of the New World,' <i>"The Algonquins with one voice called those of their tribes living nearest the rising sun, Abnakis, meaning our</i> a<i>ncestors at the east or dawn; literally our white ancestors."</i></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(The Abnakis and </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Their History,' </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">page 29, N</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">ew York, 1866;</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Bighton, Daniel G.</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Myths of the New World, </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: large;">pa</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">ge 188.)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Professor Roger McLeod of Lowell University in Massachusetts has studied the languages of the tribes along the eastern seaboard of the United States and compiled a huge dictionary of Norse and Gaelic words which have been assimilated into these languages. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">(<span style="color: magenta;">Vision of Albion,</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">posted by Adi Sinclair Livni)</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">'The Rediscovery of America,' by Arlington Mallery also notes the similarity between Norse and the languages of the Algonquin tribes along the Atlantic coast.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Furthermore, in the 17th century, English settlers in North America wrote home telling about native Americans with white skin and blonde hair </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Robert L. Pyle, </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: large;">All That Remains, pp 66)</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">These people were subsequently absorbed into the new European population. </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Myron Paine,</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> frozen <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ftrail.org%2F&h=AT3e8QzkIrkgHLXbRtVpxCZRlv2Q7AtG33kavU4vf7tsgulLC7brSV1vvoVeLdZtd62g11gOXSzfMEYZFCvWLPvlLqgTwMbp3kNisDs6S3Ep1UK-71G4-jZQB0WDEznKWh5p2UUCq5Eq0SpZ_z85soMcZcGATsyToSzgJLNC" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">trail.org</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Eleonora Jonsson, </span><span style="color: magenta;">(Norah4History), </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">having researched old maps and translated little known documents from the original Latin, Old Norse and Old Swedish, comments:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">"<i>Well, the Natives and the Swedes intermarried over the five hundred years they lived close from up Hudson River where Swedes and Dutch had a trade station all way down to the border of Florida, along the coast from Nova Scotia down to South Carolina Swedes, Scots and Basques settled and traded.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><i>There are five Kalmar Union Flags (Norway, Denmark and Sweden) marked on early French maps of North America, revealing that Greenlanders, Norwegians, Swedes, Dutch, Scots and Danes had at least five settlements operating under the Kalmar Union Flag in Labrador from Hudson Bay to the Atlantic Ocean.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The sites included “Krossnes,” in West Virginia, “Nova Dania,” in Manitoba </span><span style="color: magenta;">(Jonsson)<span style="font-size: x-large;">,</span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> Rhode Island, Greater Hibernia (New Ireland), and at Moorhead in Western Minnesota (known as “New Land” in Grenlands Historiske Mindesmarker, “Wynland of the West”, </span><span style="color: magenta;">(Paine) </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">and the “Vinlandia Promontorium.” </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: magenta;">(Hilgren, after the Yale Vinland Map).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Danes and some of the Norse working for the Greenlanders traded furs, falcons and Eagles from Natives via a harbor south of Greenland where also Ivory, dried cod and hard cheese in salt water were sent over the Ocean."</span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Eleonora Jonsson).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Eleonora Jonsson also mentions, in “Proof of early contacts Greenland-North America.”</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large; text-align: right;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Markland and Vinland”mentioned by Olaus Magnus </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: magenta;">(1490-1557) (Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus) </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">and </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Nicholas Bergthorsson in <span style="color: magenta;">(Leidarvisir och borgaskipan)</span> written in first half 1100’s. </span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">One copy was given to the Pope 1134) ”… North of Germany is Denmark. Ocean extending into the Baltic Sea, near Denmark. Sweden is east of Denmark and Norway in the north. North of Norway’s Finnmark. … Beyond Greenland, southward, there Helluland and beyond it Markland, from there it is not far to Vinland. which some people think stretching all the way to Africa. England and Scotland is an island but is separate kingdoms. Iceland is a large island to the north of Ireland …. ”</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">“From Biarmaland northward all the way until you reach Greenland. South of Greenland lies Helluland, then Markland , then it is not far to Vinland the Good. Which some believe extends to Africa. and if that’s true, the sea must extend between Vinland and Markland..…”</span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Proof of early contacts</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Greenland-North America, </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">© Johansson Inger E,</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Gothenburg</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">September 1013 </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Mentioned in Tommaso Marani:</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">“Leiðarvísir. Its Genre and Sources, with Particular Reference to</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">the Description of Rome,”</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Diss Durha</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">m University 2012);</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Jón Jóhannesson: </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">“A History of the Ol</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">d </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Icelandic Commonwealth,”</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Univ. of Manitoba Press, 1974)</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">and</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Finnur Jónsson:</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">“Den islandske litteraturs historie tilligemed den </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">old norske.”</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">He is also mentioned in “Den islandske litteraturens historia,”</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2F&h=AT1CUWQ5XeI2SXNY8lkFdbPJTar0k9edvRSwohqGd8VoY94Z3kX7xI2b39HDQBkPHn01DxNMnnl-8rAJGuF_HVu6ldbPzHZdzKYI_U7NsZ90nyDn9toqkbxoOdU0KQ3jja4uhECPvfWC6gxxmWyXCw5bxDTQ6wAo037_q45h" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">archive.org</a>(Eleonora Jonsson)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The diocese </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Krossnes (Eng. Crossnes) is mentioned in documents regarding tithes collected by Ivar Bardarsson from Greenland’s Gardar [See] and the dioceses under Gardar, among them Krossnes, [in America]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">delivered in 1364 to the Papal delegate visiting Bergen.</span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> [Mentioned in Finnur Jónsson’s comments to Ivar Bardarsson’s: </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">“Det gamle Grønlands beskrivelse</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> af Ívar Bárðarson </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">(Ivar Bårdssön), ed. Finnur Jónsson</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">København, 1930.]</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Eleonora Jonsson also mentions Pinning’s and Pothurst’s 1470’s expedition to Greenland to recover an Annual from a monestry in the Middle Settlement. After recovering the Annual, sailing along the coast past the Eastern Settlement, they were attacked by Inuit and had to flee, spending the Winter on a landfall southwest of Greenland. (Most probably in Newfoundland).</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Investigations have revealed that Columbus’s navigator and his brother were on board. (“Some indications in text indicate that Columbus himself might have participated.’) </span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">('Norah4History’).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">One source for this is the Gemma Frisius world globe of 1537: </span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">“Look at ‘Quij pouli ad quos Johannes Scovvus, danus, Pervenit, Ann. 1476.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">This globe not only delineates Hudson Bay, seventy years before Henry Hudson was born but also shows the Nelson River. (Which Myron Paine writes is the route the Greenland Norse took to reach Lake </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Winnipeg and the Red River on their journey inland to the American heartlands).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Jonsson writes that an early version of the map (The original source map, by English cartographer Nicholas of Lynne), was delivered by Ivar Bardarsson to the Norwegian King Hakon, son of the Swedish King Magnus Eriksson in 1364 together with the church tithes he had collected in Greenland and America.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Interestingly, this map also marks the location of the Danish settlement of Nova Dania near the Nelson River in Manitoba</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"> Province, Canada. (This map still exists and can be found in the Linköping’s Science Library).</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Jonsson continues: In “1560 the son of Gustav Wasa ordered a globe to be made [for] his coronation. That globe has an almost correct map, unfortunatly the engraver graved NA mirror-wise. It’s one of Sweden’s Crown Jewels…..</span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">On the ‘Riksäpplet’ engraved in 1560’s </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">[for] King Erik XIV:s coronation….. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">There is </span><span style="font-size: large;">the ultimate proof of contacts between not only Norway but Sweden before most</span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> of U.S. had seen any of all the known Explorers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">In 1560 while most land of U.S. (and Canada) wasn’t explored and hadn’t seen any European settlers at all, our King Erik XIV, son of Gustav Vasa, ordered from Flandern one of our most prestigeos Royal Crown Jewels: King Erik’s ‘Riksapple’.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">King Erik XIV said in his official statement on inheriting the Swedish throne, that he [Erik] was entitled to claim all the Northern Hemisphere. If the Flandern etcher who got the Swedish maps of the world, among the maps one of North America, had not mirrored North America the World would have known that Sweden had the ultimate proof of early explorers of North America due to carthographers back before Columbus had carthographed all land from Florida to California and up today’s U.S. to the Canadian territories. All it takes is a mirror or mirroring North America from a photo of our Swedish Royal Crown Jewel King Erik’s ‘Riksapple‘.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"> By the way. If you hold a photo showing North America in front of a mirror you will find that Mississippi river was known here in Sweden in 1560.”</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Furthermore, Jonsson quotes from the Swedish geographer and historian Olaus Magnus: “In 1505 I saw two such leaderboats [Inuit kayaks] above the Eastern portal in the Oslo Cathedral, sanctified to Saint Halvord, where they were fastened on the wall for everyone to look at. It’s told that King Hakon[son of King Magnus Eriksson] acquired them, when he with an armed battle fleet[!!!] passed Greenland’s coast,….”</span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Olaus Magnus: “Historia de gentibus </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">septentrionalibus,” Romæ 1555</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">translated by Peter Fisher</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> and Humphrey Higgens ; </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">edited by Peter Foote London</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Hakluyt Society 1996-1998 3 volumes).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Jonsson also mentions sources stating that established European trees had been found in America. Evidence found in tree rings reveals these trees to be predating sixteenth century European settlement. </span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Linneaus: “Virtuella Floran,” Norwegian Maple, (Acer platanoides)</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">and (“The America of 1750 : Peter Kalm’s travels</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">in North America.”</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Eleonora Jonsson’s sources:</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Bull of Pope Anastasius IV</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Diplomatarium</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Danicum, serie 1, II, no 1</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum band 10 nr 9</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Diplomatarium </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Norvegicum band 4 nr 128</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum band 7 nr 103</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum band 9 nr 84</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Diplomatarium</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Norwegicum bind 1 nr 66 and 67.</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum bind 1 nr 71</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum bind 6 nr 36.</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Icelandic Annals 1342 written down in 1637</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">by Bishop Gisle Odds</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Ivar Bardarsson, Det gamle Grønlands</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">beskrivelse af Ívar Bárðarson</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> (Ivar Bårdssön), </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">ed. Finnur Jónsson (København, 1930)</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">.</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Nicholars of Thingeyres</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">documents to the Papal See</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Ordericus Vitalis, Historiske besetninger om Normanner og </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Angelsaxere fra Orderik Vitals kirkehistorie I-III.</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Edited in 1889 </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Works:</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Arneborg J, Norbverne i Grönland 1988</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Jansen Henrik M,A critical account of the written and archaeological sources’ evidence concerning the Norse settlements in Greenland, Meddelelser om Grönland 182:4, 1972</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Mason Ronaldy, Great Lakes Archaeology, NY 1981</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">McGovern Thomas H., Bones, Building and Boundaries: Palaeoeconomic Approaches to Norse Greenland</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Rousell A, Farms and churches in the Medieval Norse settlement of Greenland, Meddelelser of Grönland 86(1).</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">The Roman Church in Norse Greenland, editor G F Bigelow, ”The Norse of the North Atlantic, Acta Archaeologica 61(1991) page 142-150 Köpenhamn.]</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Myron Paine has also provided another tantalizing piece of information : '<i>Charles Earl Funk in the foreword to Sherwin's 'The Viking and the Red Men' (February 1940): "A tribe of 'white Indians,' some with 'fair hair and gray eyes,' said to be still inhabiting the west shore of James Bay and speaking a Cree dialect, has also been advanced as such an indication</i>"<i> of Norse settlement)'</i></span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Sherwin, 1940)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Paine also writes that Old Norse names began appearing in documents when the Hudson's Bay Company arrived in Eastman Land, (the name the Greenland Norse called America) which lay on either side of the Sludd River. Sludd means sleet in Old Norse.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The British changed the name to Eastmain River.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Paine states that there are twenty two rivers which flow into James Bay : Nine of these have distinctively Norse names.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Furthermore, Paine cites genetic evidence from researcher Gene Parks, who has found that the Shawnee, (and thus Lenape and at least 23 other tribes) have Norse admixture in their DNA.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">He continues: </span><i style="font-size: xx-large;">'Over half of the male DNA in Iceland is Haplo groups had R1A & R1B. Greenland [meaning Inuit] still has 58.6% of the males with European</i> <i><span style="font-size: x-large;">DNA, mostly R1A and R1B, making the telling point that any genetic surveys of North American native Americans that reveal European DNA have been, up until the beginning of the 21st century, thrown out because they were presumed to have been contaminated by post Columbus European DNA.'</span></i></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span><span style="color: magenta;">(<a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT3DE7usltn8yuTW0RA_hF9l0h428TmItMSLrIeYdOJG-CqRfs92qEXX_jSqHDspizsy6FvOM7FG1FaKY3I2FzFA8uIXXp2Qt7_rCzQ1F5N5xWkCrHKK7fBsLkM_ktn9Lt0OiRfnjwb-v0UaMFur8gZt6cy5nZmd8BpZhxhL" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">frozentrail.org</a>)</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Wallace 'discovoured 'a set of genetic markers found only in the Ojibwe and other tribes living near the Great Lakes; the markers are not found in any other native Americans or in Asia'.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">"<i>We just don't know how it got there,</i>" Wallace says, <i>"but it is clearly related to the European population."</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">"<i>The simple answer would be the DNA arrived with the European colonists, but the strain is different enough from the existing European lineage that it must have left the Old World long before Columbus.”</i></span><span style="color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;"><i>.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Research by Elena Borch, et al, states: </span><i style="font-size: xx-large;">"High Level of male-based Scandinavian admixture in Greenlandic Inuit shown by Y-Chromosome analysis, 2003. Borch notes that she could not distinguish between the Y chromosome of the Inuit and the male populations of 17 northern European countries.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: magenta;">(Elena Borch, et al, High Level of male-based </span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Scandinavian admixture in Greenlandic Inuit shown by Y-Chromosome anaylsis, 2003)</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">(Regarding the Albans, Welsh researcher Alan Wilson</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: magenta;">(Alan Wilson - Cymru Sovereign </span><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fsovereignwales.com%2Ftag%2Falan-wilson&h=AT0rGz1mFJZPg3JV5miA2IPb6oq5Q8ImFFPoiHHXxAs47yf9KirnotNxgTVn-PSmMkJDpcr2LoemyV8mDCrEmHlU7_7o9vESE534fcHKgpqYAcA9zNaoRZW4VQqXTIEzDL15NgjnoqnxQsU9ZD7nYWb5y63SzGMJZI6b6nZD" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank"><span style="color: magenta;">https://sovereignwales</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fsovereignwales.com%2Ftag%2Falan-wilson&h=AT0rGz1mFJZPg3JV5miA2IPb6oq5Q8ImFFPoiHHXxAs47yf9KirnotNxgTVn-PSmMkJDpcr2LoemyV8mDCrEmHlU7_7o9vESE534fcHKgpqYAcA9zNaoRZW4VQqXTIEzDL15NgjnoqnxQsU9ZD7nYWb5y63SzGMJZI6b6nZD" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank"><span style="color: magenta;">.com/tag/al</span><span style="color: magenta;">an-wilson</span></a><span style="color: magenta;">)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">has translated old Welsh sources, claiming that King Arthur 2nd of Britain established a British colony in America in the sixth century:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">("The popular belief is that Madog ab Owain Gwynedd sailed to North America in 1170 AD.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Wilson and Blackett, using DNA profiling and radiocarbon dating on artifacts and human remains found in the U.S. Midwest and Wales, claim that it was a Madog Morfran ap Meurig that first sailed to the continent, even earlier, circa 562-575 AD.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Wilson states that an Admiral Gwenon was then sent out to check on Madog’s discoveries before Brenin Arthur ap Meurig (King Arthur II) led the third major fleet migration in 574.")</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">This colony (if it did indeed exist), would have been considered a beacon of refuge for Britons, Picts and Irish escaping persecution by Catholics, (whom had demonstrated an unfortunate habit of burning the clergy of the Irish Church (of St. Columba of Iona) in Britain alive at the stake), the Viking invasions and the later Vatican sanctioned Norman conquest.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Early explorers (including Vendrey </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(? spelling)</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> the first post Columbus European to visit the region) found Mandan Indians, (whom some early colonists claimed spoke pure Welsh), some of whom had blue eyes and yellow hair.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">(Dr. Myron Paine has also written that he has childhood memories of blue eyed blonde Mandan tribespeople living in North Dakota in the 1930's).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The creators of the Carte du Canada map (1708), unknowingly made a map of the region where the migration of the Leni Lenape occurred. Sherwin's massive compilation of linguistic comparisons and Dr. Myron Paine's compelling body of evidence, now reveal the Maarlan Aarum to be the true story of the Leni Lenape.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Myron Paine states that 90% of the Norse Greenlander's diet was seal meat.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Seals were best hunted on the edge of the ice sheets.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">As the weather during the Little Ice A</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">ge by the mid fourteenth century was becoming colder. The ice sheets hugging the coasts reached further south, covering Davis Strait.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Each year the hunters would have to journey further and further south for seal meat.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Eventually the only places which remained ice free were the 'open water marvels,' due to the combination of shallow water and strong currents from huge tidal shifts, on the Ungava Peninsula in Canada and in Hudson Straight.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Desperate hunters would thus journey there during each winter to provide food for their families.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Paine states, <i>'A</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><i> cold climate provided a driving reason for the first trips to get food. As the cold persisted, the possibility of migration became a reality.'</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">As the Little Ice Age persisted, 'the desperate Norse hunters walked to the open water marvels to get food to take home to their families.</span></div>
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">As the cold persisted through two generations, the thought of moving the families to the food became compelling.' </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">(Dr. Paine).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The migration of the Leni Lenape is one of the great endurance feats of any migration.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">It has been called impossible but the Norse were rugged, hardy and desperate.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Dr. Paine continues, <i>'The Frozen Trail was four hundred and fifty five (455) miles from the Northern Settlement to land at Bjarni Island (now called Resolution Island).</i> <i>They had to go another two hundred (200) miles from Bjarni Island to Pamiok on the east coast of Ungava Peninsula.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><i>Good Arctic traveling is about twenty five (25) miles a day, but there is one known case of a man, alone, averaging forty three (43) miles per day."</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">(Comment: The Norse could have made forty to fifty miles a day by sleeping one third of the people on sleds and pulling through all night and a short day. Using a twenty-five (25) mile/day rate, the trip would have taken less than four (4) weeks. The walk would have been a difficult human endeavor, but achievable).'</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Dr. Myron Paine)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">They also knew they had to leave in the middle of winter, when the arctic sun was sitting low on the horizon and providing sunlight for only two hours a day.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">This was so the Lenape would have the best chance of arriving in America before the ice began to turn to slush, as spring approached.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Greenlanders also understood they couldn't leave later and thus expose their women and children to the late winter and early spring mosquito swarms on the Ungava Peninsula, the first mainland landfall on their journey, which would have been fatal for many of them.</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: large;"> (</span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">Dr.</span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;"> Myron</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Paine)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The choices were to stay in Greenland and risk some of their people dying of starvation by early spring or make a desperate life or death trek across the treacherous pack ice in the middle of a dark Arctic winter to reach America before spring.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">These hardy, heroic folk were the survivors of the so-called 'lost' Greenland Norse colony.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Thus, the Greenlander descendants of the Vikings, in 1346, on the brink of starvation, abandoned their exhausted, deforested lands and walked in the darkness west, then south and south east, en masse across the frozen expanses, in a quest for survival and a new life in America (Akomen, which means the other side.).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Leni Lenape trekked, pulling whalebone sleds carrying women with babies, toddlers and small children snugly wrapped in furs, with the elderly and whatever portable possessions they had, through the long arctic winter night.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">"They journeyed across frozen Davis Straight, then undertook a long haul, pulling sleds by hand across the Ungava Peninsula."</span><br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"> (frozen</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ftrail.org%2F&h=AT2j75uW4x1qbukLcoNC_K62rIFXD4k0-vi3Z8tEhMybUJMwpwbJaypEERZPbs_Qv24JqUCIZPOCfss4qbkTaEvFf5Osi2criJGf3QyjCN18vZZ0V8_m2P6eVT05Eb4bsXwNrPf9Uz1PsUBat1cchkdF3VrEikmvmmbdseJK" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">trail.org</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">They then travelled south down Hudson's Bay, finally arriving at its southern most extremity, at James Bay. They were hungry, dirty, and bitterly cold, some despairing at leaving their homeland, with its snug, turf roofed, stone cottages.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">"After they left James Bay, they migrated whenever surrounding environmental resources diminished.'" </span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: large;">(</span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">Dr.</span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;"> Myron </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Paine).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Myron Paine has charted the progress of the Leni Lemape in their journey into the American interior by matching landmarks, climate, historical incidents and the landscape with descriptions in the Maalan Aarum.</span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 28.8px;">Route of LENAPE Migration</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">He also traced the line of Lenape place names, which they left along waterways such as the Red River and the Big Sioux Rivers, as the Lenape migration trail reached further and further into the American interior.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">In the dozen or so years after they had crossed the pack ice to James Bay, up until around 1358, they journeyed over the lands south of Hudson Bay. "Then, by 1362, at Big Stone Lake in (South Dakota) the looked towards the Great Lakes for orientation and commented on "Fish Land" (to the east) for the abundant fishing there."</span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(<a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT2iOhVwy3LZUmk7I-GmUNmmRER5GFppQFlPAHC5IMU9ElXhlP_FznkEF3IuVlIyzB5oA1gk8oiNLiO_aB3mWEcJodJPcnvqW51mU5hs-2T203gIktAR4OXsXrQvE-ay6xu883UJEbKNSNesaxeQYoEnFv_WV_gvT7o0oBh6" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">frozentrail.org</a>).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">A severe drought then set in, followed by hostile tribes heading down the Missouri Valley, so they headed east into southeast Minnesota, on a long trek towards the caves called Niagara and Mystery, where they dwelled until the drought broke.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
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<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">As the rains returned and the land began to replenish, they began a slow migration to the south, along the west bank of the Mississippi, through Iowa and Missouri, to the Missouri River.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">In about 1445, the Lenape crossed the Mississippi, calling themselves "the Len People." The French, who found their descendants on the River of the Divine, called them "the Illinois," meaning, in French, "the LEN people."</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Then they headed east towards Lakes Michigan and Erie. They expanded into Illinois, Indiana and most of Ohio to form the Illinois Confederation.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />Around 1470, the migrating Lenape separated the southern Lenape (the Shawnee).</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />In the three and a half centuries before the Greenland Lenape migrated, the Shawnee tribes had migrated south reaching, at one point, as far as Mexico.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />But the Lenape continued east over the Allegheny Mountains, towards the Atlantic coast, as many of the men wanted to bring their families back to the 'big sea,' which they reached by around 1500. </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: magenta;">(Dr. Myron Paine)</span></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Some moved up the Hudson River and renamed themselves the </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Mahicans (the fish hook people, because the river was drawn lik a fish hook, when the leaders created maps on the sand</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">.) </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">During over a hundred and fifty years, the Lenape migrated for 4,000 miles and settled lands that extended 1,200 miles along the Atlantic seaboard of the North American coast. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta;">(Dr Myron <span style="font-family: inherit;">Paine)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The region inhabited by the at least 24 tribes descended from the Lenape, reaches, to quote Dr. Myron Paine, <i>"from the Atlantic coast to the purple mountains from Fort Nelson, Manitoba, Canada to Savannah, Georgia."</i></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">These regions were the land settled by the Leni Lenape, including the Algonquin (Delaware) tribes 'the Cree, Chippewa (Ojibwe), Ottawa, , Potawatomi, many Sauk, Fox, Kickapoo, Abenaki, Micmac, Mohican, Shawnee, Illinois, Blackfoot, Pequot, Cheyenne and others who speak dialects of the Algonquin language.</span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(Dr. Myron Pa</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">ine, <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT1BL3ojYSIfBy7FKkTg4PHRlxQE1WXpy58dWXp0JRh3Ldl9oWquCK5exkH9HdxpdN72XhSU1khjKsiFIApEUbdjLL2pd4z7VCpu7__kmtB7t3F79qg7aCYkpOi--TyGvATtARXcQEWRi1fjiD74BM_2ClT8CYFt_11ZZTu-" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">frozentrail.org</a>)</span></div>
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<div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta;">Larry Stroud, The Frozen Trail).</span></span></div>
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<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small; text-align: left;">.</span><br />
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"><b>CALL for ACTION </b></span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">(Dr. Myron Paine)</span></div>
</div>
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<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Thus, Aidon Aakelas has told the story about how the SHAWNEE and the LENAPE were Catholics, who spoke Norse.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">They settled most of eastern North America before AD 1500.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">The Lenape kept a </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">memorized</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"> history cued by pictographs.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The many tribes spoke dialects of Old Norse. But the French guessed wrong by calling the language the "Algonquin" language. The English promoted the "Algonquin" label because it did not reveal the "Old Norse" origin of the Language.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The educated 17th century English knew that when the English invaded, Americans were Catholics, who spoke Norse.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The 17th century English made deliberate decisions to call the Americans, "Indians," the language "Algonquin, and to profoundly distort history by using a propaganda method called "suppression by omission."</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The scheme worked four centuries, because, in the 17th century, the English controlled most of the printing presses, the publishing market, and the training of professors.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">But, now, you have access to information like the Lost Greenland Viking Colony and the links to more information via LENAPE LAND.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Besides you can invite you and family to look at the links of <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2012/09/lenape-used-boats.html"><span style="color: blue;">LENAPE LAND.</span></a></span> Also you can publish to the world with a tap on your mouse.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">It is your choice. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Do you want to omit the information you have just learned or do you want to tell your family and friends that <a href="http://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2017/05/most-americans-were-catholics-who-spoke.html"><span style="color: blue;">"When the</span> <span style="color: blue;">En invaded, Americans were Catholics, who spoke Norse?</span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">MAKE A GOOD CHOICE!</span></div>
</div>
</div>
LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-32964740152207761072019-10-01T12:09:00.003-07:002019-10-02T09:52:03.893-07:00Aidon's LENAPE HISTORY<div style="margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<div>
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<span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">EPILOG</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">Dr. Myron Paine</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">October 2, 2019 </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Thus, Aidon Aakelas has written the history about how the SHAWNEE and the LENAPE were Catholics, who spoke Norse.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">They settled most of eastern North America before AD 1300.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">The Lenape kept a </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">memorized</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"> history cued by pictographs.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">During the three and a half cenruries of settlement, they divided into many tribes. The many tribes spoke dialects of Old Norse.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;">The French guessed wrong by calling the language the "Algonquin" language. But the English, who scorned anything French, promoted the "Algonquin" label because it did not reveal the "Old Norse" origin of the Language.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The educated 17th century English knew that when the English invaded, Americans were Catholics, who spoke Norse.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The 17th century English made deliberate decisions to call the Americans, "Indians," the language "Algonquin, and to profoundly distort history by using a simple propaganda method called "suppression by omission."</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The scheme worked for four centuries, because, in the 17th century, the English controlled most of the printing presses, the publishing market, and the training of professors.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">But, now, you have access to information like Aidon's LENAPE HISTORY and the links to more information via <a href="http://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2012/09/lenape-used-boats.html"><span style="color: blue;">LENAPE LAND</span></a>.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Besides you can invite your family and friends to look at the links of <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2012/09/lenape-used-boats.html"><span style="color: blue;">LENAPE LAND.</span></a></span> Also you can, and should, publish to the world with a tap on your mouse on your favorite blog, facebook group or web site.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">It is your choice. </span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Do you want to omit the information you have just learned or do you want to tell your family and friends that <a href="https://myronpaine.blogspot.com/2017/05/killings-of-many-lenape.html"><span style="color: blue;">"When the</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span></a><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://myronpaine.blogspot.com/2017/05/killings-of-many-lenape.html"><span style="color: blue;">English</span> <span style="color: blue;"> invaded, Americans were Catholics, who spoke</span></a> Norse?</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://./">.</a></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>MAKE A GOOD CHOICE!</b></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-38246685591393889462019-09-28T16:24:00.000-07:002019-09-28T16:29:41.850-07:00COLLAPSE vs WALKING TO AMERICA<style type="text/css">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfPGqwJf1r91MygSPjpHWcSxjk8Lo6KIC1G_Ig_xXYfEe71Un52ba3HyflmhMustzYYCTTkPT1a5StbpUsI2dIkbP3xeujWpC2fBlLHgvJkDBMIKSAJnMUW44k_U4HdNMxSmpxvQLShZ4/s1600/316NorthEast.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="187" data-original-width="339" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfPGqwJf1r91MygSPjpHWcSxjk8Lo6KIC1G_Ig_xXYfEe71Un52ba3HyflmhMustzYYCTTkPT1a5StbpUsI2dIkbP3xeujWpC2fBlLHgvJkDBMIKSAJnMUW44k_U4HdNMxSmpxvQLShZ4/s320/316NorthEast.gif" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
COLLAPSE WALKING to AMERICA</div>
<div class="p1">
TALERMAN WALKING to AMERICA</div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">Jan 4, 2011 <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>AUG 1, 2007<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>MAY 22 2015 <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">4.3 out of 5 <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>5 OUT OF 5<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Not rated = RATED</span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">59 @ 1.90<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>5 from 18.00<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>8 from 2.15 = USED</span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">44 @ 12.98<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>1 from 19.95 <span class="Apple-converted-space"> 2</span> from 29.99 = NEW</span></div>
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<span class="s1"></span><br /></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">Collapse sold many more books.</span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">The result of Maximum publicity.</span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">Walking to Mer Rica is rated higher</span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>“ <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>“ <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>“<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>“ <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>has higher used prices</span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>“ <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>“ <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>“<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>“ <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>holds higher new prices.</span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">Collapse tells a bogus tale of the Greenland collapse.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">The Walking to MER RICA books are STILL vindicated by accumulating evidence.</span></div>
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<span class="s1"><br /></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">The Gteenland NORSE faced climate change by using a democratic decision making process, which included all the women. The decision was to walk across ice on Davic Strait.</span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1">When they reached James Bay, they again used government by council to plan there next actions. In the first meeting of the council they properly selected a judge from the Ojibwa tribe, which was already in America.</span></div>
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<span class="s1">The United States is a government by council, and the US has a judicial branch. </span></div>
<div class="p1">
There is a plausible path trom Greenland to Washinton, DC. </div>
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<br /></div>
<br />LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-35202185864373963442019-09-28T11:25:00.000-07:002019-12-06T14:44:21.671-08:00The LENAPE LEGEND<div style="margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b>The LENAPE LEGEND</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b>AD 1866</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">In 1866, Daniel G Bighton wrote in 'Myths of the New World,' <i>"The Algonquins with one voice called those of their tribes living nearest the rising sun, Abnakis, meaning our</i> a<i>ncestors at the east or dawn; literally our white ancestors."</i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-small;">(The Abnakis and </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Their History,' </span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-small;">page 29, N</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-small;">ew York, 1866;</span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Bighton, Daniel G.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Myths of the New World, </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: small;">pa</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">ge 188.)</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Professor Roger McLeod of Lowell University in Massachusetts has studied the languages of the tribes along the eastern seaboard of the United States and compiled a huge dictionary of Norse and Gaelic words which have been assimilated into these languages. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">(<span style="color: magenta;">Vision of Albion,</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">posted by Adi Sinclair Livni)</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">'The Rediscovery of America,' by Arlington Mallery also notes the similarity between Norse and the languages of the Algonquin tribes along the Atlantic coast.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Furthermore, in the 17th century, English settlers in North America wrote home telling about native Americans with white skin and blonde hair. </span></div>
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<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta;">(All That Remains, </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Robert L. Pyle, </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">pp 66)</span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"> </span></div>
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<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">These people were subsequently absorbed into the new European population. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-small;">(Myron Paine,</span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">frozen </span><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ftrail.org%2F&h=AT3e8QzkIrkgHLXbRtVpxCZRlv2Q7AtG33kavU4vf7tsgulLC7brSV1vvoVeLdZtd62g11gOXSzfMEYZFCvWLPvlLqgTwMbp3kNisDs6S3Ep1UK-71G4-jZQB0WDEznKWh5p2UUCq5Eq0SpZ_z85soMcZcGATsyToSzgJLNC" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">trail.org</a><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">)</span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;">Eleonora </span><span style="font-size: large;">Jonsson,</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(Norah4History), </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">having researched old maps and translated little known documents from the original Latin, Old Norse and Old Swedish, comments:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">"<i>Well, the Natives and the Swedes intermarried over the five hundred years they lived close from up Hudson River where Swedes and Dutch had a trade station all way down to the border of Florida, along the coast from Nova Scotia down to South Carolina Swedes, Scots and Basques settled and traded.</i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><i>There are five Kalmar Union Flags (Norway, Denmark and Sweden) marked on early French maps of North America, revealing that Greenlanders, Norwegians, Swedes, Dutch, Scots and Danes had at least five settlements operating under the Kalmar Union Flag in Labrador from Hudson Bay to the Atlantic Ocean.</i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The sites included “Krossnes,” in West Virginia, “Nova Dania,” in Manitoba </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Rhode Island, Greater Hibernia (New Ireland), and at Moorhead in Western Minnesota (known as “New Land” in Grenlands Historiske Mindesmarker.</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(Jonsson),</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> “Wynland of the West”,</span><span style="color: magenta;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">and the “Vinlandia Promontorium.” </span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta;">(Paine)</span></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(Hilgren, after the Yale Vinland Map)</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Danes and some of the Norse working for the Greenlanders traded furs, falcons and Eagles from Natives via a harbor south of Greenland where also Ivory, dried cod and hard cheese in salt water were sent over the Ocean."</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Eleonora Jonsson)</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large; text-align: center;"> Eleonora Jonsson also mentions, in “Proof of early contacts Greenland-North America.”</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Markland and Vinland”mentioned by Olaus Magnus </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: magenta;">(1490-1557) (Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus) </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">and </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Nicholas Bergthorsson in <span style="color: magenta;"><i>Leidarvisir och borgaskipan</i></span> written in first half 1100’s. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">One copy was given to the Pope 1134) ”… North of Germany is Denmark. Ocean extending into the Baltic Sea, near Denmark. Sweden is east of Denmark and Norway in the north. North of Norway’s Finnmark. … Beyond Greenland, southward, there Helluland and beyond it Markland, from there it is not far to Vinland. which some people think stretching all the way to Africa. England and Scotland is an island but is separate kingdoms. Iceland is a large island to the north of Ireland …. ”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">and</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">“From Biarmaland northward all the way until you reach Greenland. South of Greenland lies Helluland, then Markland , then it is not far to Vinland the Good. Which some believe extends to Africa. and if that’s true, the sea must extend between Vinland and Markland..…”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Proof of early contacts</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Greenland-North America, </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">© Johansson Inger E, </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">Gothenburg</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">September 1013 </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">“Sea between"</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Mentioned in Tommaso Marani:</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">“Leiðarvísir. Its Genre and Sources, with Particular Reference to</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">the Description of Rome,”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(Diss Durha</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">m University 2012);</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Jón Jóhannesson: </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">“A History of the Ol</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">d </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Icelandic Commonwealth,”</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(Univ. of Manitoba Press, 1974)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">and </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">Finnur Jónsson:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">“Den islandske litteraturs historie</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">tilligemed den </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">old norske.”</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">He is also mentioned in</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">“Den islandske litteraturens historia,”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2F&h=AT1CUWQ5XeI2SXNY8lkFdbPJTar0k9edvRSwohqGd8VoY94Z3kX7xI2b39HDQBkPHn01DxNMnnl-8rAJGuF_HVu6ldbPzHZdzKYI_U7NsZ90nyDn9toqkbxoOdU0KQ3jja4uhECPvfWC6gxxmWyXCw5bxDTQ6wAo037_q45h" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">archive.org</a>(Eleonora Jonsson)</span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The diocese </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Krossnes (Eng. Crossnes) is mentioned in documents regarding tithes collected by Ivar Bardarsson from Greenland’s Gardar [See] and the dioceses under Gardar, among them Krossnes, [in America]</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">delivered in 1364 to the Papal delegate visiting Bergen.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"> [Mentioned in Finnur Jónsson’s comments</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">to Ivar Bardarsson’s: </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">“Det gamle Grønlands beskrivelse</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"> af Ívar Bárðarson </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">(Ivar Bårdssön), ed. Finnur Jónsson</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">København, 1930.]</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Eleonora Jonsson also mentions Pinning’s and Pothurst’s 1470’s expedition to Greenland to recover an Annual from a monestry in the Middle Settlement. After recovering the Annual, sailing along the coast past the Eastern Settlement, they were attacked by Inuit and had to flee, spending the Winter on a landfall southwest of Greenland. (Most probably in Newfoundland).</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Investigations have revealed that Columbus’s navigator and his brother were on board. (“Some indications in text indicate that Columbus himself might have participated.’) </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">('Norah4History’).</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">One source for this is the Gemma Frisius world globe of 1537: </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">“Quij pouli ad quos Johannes Scovvus, danus, Pervenit, Ann. 1476.”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">This globe not only delineates Hudson Bay, seventy years before Henry Hudson was born but also shows the Nelson River. (Which Myron Paine writes is the route the Greenland Norse took to reach Lake </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Winnipeg and the Red River on their journey inland to the American heartlands).</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Jonsson writes that an early version of the map (The original source map, by English cartographer Nicholas of Lynne), was delivered by Ivar Bardarsson to the Norwegian King Hakon, son of the Swedish King Magnus Eriksson in 1364 together with the church tithes he had collected in Greenland and America.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Interestingly, this map also marks the location of the Danish settlement of Nova Dania near the Nelson River in Manitoba</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"> Province, Canada. (This map still exists and can be found in the Linköping’s Science Library).</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Jonsson continues: In “1560 the son of Gustav Wasa ordered a globe to be made [for] his coronation. That globe has an almost correct map, unfortunatly the engraver graved NA mirror-wise. It’s one of Sweden’s Crown Jewels…</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">On the ‘Riksäpplet’ engraved in 1560’s </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">[for] King Erik XIV:s coronation…</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">There is </span><span style="font-size: large;">the ultimate proof of contacts between not only Norway but Sweden before most</span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> of U.S. had seen any of all the known Explorers.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">In 1560 while most land of U.S. (and Canada) wasn’t explored and hadn’t seen any European settlers at all, King Erik XIV, son of Gustav Vasa, ordered from Flandern one of our most prestigeos Royal Crown Jewels: King Erik’s ‘Riksapple’.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">King Erik XIV said in his official statement on inheriting the Swedish throne, that he [Erik] was entitled to claim all the Northern Hemisphere. If the Flandern etcher who got the Swedish maps of the world, among the maps one of North America, had not mirrored North America the World would have known that Sweden had the ultimate proof of early explorers of North America due to carthographers back before Columbus had carthographed all land from Florida to California and up today’s U.S. to the Canadian territories. All it takes is a mirror or mirroring North America from a photo of our Swedish Royal Crown Jewel King Erik’s ‘Riksapple‘.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"> By the way. If you hold a photo showing North America in front of a mirror you will find that Mississippi river was known here in Sweden in 1560.”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Furthermore, Jonsson quotes from the Swedish geographer and historian Olaus Magnus: “In 1505 I saw two such leaderboats [Inuit kayaks] above the Eastern portal in the Oslo Cathedral, sanctified to Saint Halvord, where they were fastened on the wall for everyone to look at. It’s told that King Hakon[son of King Magnus Eriksson] acquired them, when he with an armed battle fleet[!!!] passed Greenland’s coast,….”</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(Olaus Magnus: “Historia de gentibus </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">septentrionalibus,” Romæ 1555</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">translated by Peter Fisher</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"> and Humphrey Higgens ; </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">edited by Peter Foote London</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Hakluyt Society 1996-1998 3 volumes).</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Jonsson also mentions sources stating that established European trees had been found in America. Evidence found in tree rings reveals these trees to be predating sixteenth century European settlement. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Linneaus: “Virtuella Floran,” Norwegian Maple, (Acer platanoides)</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">and (“The America of 1750 : Peter Kalm’s travels</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">in North America.”</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Eleonora Jonsson’s sources:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Bull of Pope Anastasius IV</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: small;">Diplomatarium</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Danicum, serie 1, II, no 1</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum band 10 nr 9</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Diplomatarium </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Norvegicum band 4 nr 128</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum band 7 nr 103</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum band 9 nr 84</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Diplomatarium</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Norwegicum bind 1 nr 66 and 67.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum bind 1 nr 71</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum bind 6 nr 36.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Icelandic Annals 1342 written down in 1637</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">by Bishop Gisle Odds</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Ivar Bardarsson, Det gamle Grønlands</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">beskrivelse af Ívar Bárðarson</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"> (Ivar Bårdssön), </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">ed. Finnur Jónsson (København, 1930)</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Nicholars of Thingeyres</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">documents to the Papal See</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Ordericus Vitalis, Historiske besetninger om Normanner og </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Angelsaxere fra Orderik Vitals kirkehistorie I-III.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Edited in 1889 </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Works:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Arneborg J, Norbverne i Grönland 1988</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Jansen Henrik M,A critical account of the written and archaeological sources’ evidence concerning the Norse settlements in Greenland, Meddelelser om Grönland 182:4, 1972</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Mason Ronaldy, Great Lakes Archaeology, NY 1981</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">McGovern Thomas H., Bones, Building and Boundaries: Palaeoeconomic Approaches to Norse Greenland</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Rousell A, Farms and churches in the Medieval Norse settlement of Greenland, Meddelelser of Grönland 86(1).</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">The Roman Church in Norse Greenland, editor G F Bigelow, ”The Norse of the North Atlantic, Acta Archaeologica 61(1991) page 142-150 Köpenhamn.]</span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Myron Paine has also provided another tantalizing piece of information : '<i>Charles Earl Funk in the foreword to Sherwin's 'The Viking and the Red Men' (February 1940): "A tribe of 'white Indians,' some with 'fair hair and gray eyes,' said to be still inhabiting the west shore of James Bay and speaking a Cree dialect, has also been advanced as such an indication</i>"<i> of Norse settlement)'</i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Sherwin, 1940)</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Paine also writes that Old Norse names began appearing in documents when the Hudson's Bay Company arrived in Eastman Land, (the name the Greenland Norse called America) which lay on either side of the Sludd River. Sludd means sleet in Old Norse.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The British changed the name to Eastmain River.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Paine states that there are twenty two rivers which flow into James Bay : Nine of these have distinctively Norse names.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Furthermore, Paine cites genetic evidence from researcher Gene Parks, who has found that the Shawnee, (and thus Lenape and at least 23 other tribes) have Norse admixture in their DNA.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">He continues: </span><i style="font-size: xx-large;">'Over half of the male DNA in Iceland is Haplo groups had R1A & R1B. Greenland [meaning Inuit] still has 58.6% of the males with European</i> <i><span style="font-size: x-large;">DNA, mostly R1A and R1B, making the telling point that any genetic surveys of North American native Americans that reveal European DNA have been, up until the beginning of the 21st century, thrown out because they were presumed to have been contaminated by post Columbus European DNA.'</span></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i><span style="font-size: large;"></span><span style="color: magenta;">(<a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT3DE7usltn8yuTW0RA_hF9l0h428TmItMSLrIeYdOJG-CqRfs92qEXX_jSqHDspizsy6FvOM7FG1FaKY3I2FzFA8uIXXp2Qt7_rCzQ1F5N5xWkCrHKK7fBsLkM_ktn9Lt0OiRfnjwb-v0UaMFur8gZt6cy5nZmd8BpZhxhL" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">frozentrail.org</a>)</span></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Wallace 'discovoured 'a set of genetic markers found only in the Ojibwe and other tribes living near the Great Lakes; the markers are not found in any other native Americans or in Asia'.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">"<i>We just don't know how it got there,</i>" Wallace says, <i>"but it is clearly related to the European population."</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">"<i>The simple answer would be the DNA arrived with the European colonists, but the strain is different enough from the existing European lineage that it must have left the Old World long before Columbus.”</i></span><span style="color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;"><i>.</i></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Research by Elena Borch, et al, states: </span><i style="font-size: xx-large;">"High Level of male-based Scandinavian admixture in Greenlandic Inuit shown by Y-Chromosome analysis, 2003. Borch notes that she could not distinguish between the Y chromosome of the Inuit and the male populations of 17 northern European countries.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: magenta;">(Elena Borch, et al, High Level of male-based </span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Scandinavian admixture in Greenlandic Inuit shown by Y-Chromosome anaylsis, 2003)</span><span style="font-size: medium;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">(Regarding the Albans, Welsh researcher Alan Wilson</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta;">(Alan Wilson - Cymru Sovereign </span><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fsovereignwales.com%2Ftag%2Falan-wilson&h=AT0rGz1mFJZPg3JV5miA2IPb6oq5Q8ImFFPoiHHXxAs47yf9KirnotNxgTVn-PSmMkJDpcr2LoemyV8mDCrEmHlU7_7o9vESE534fcHKgpqYAcA9zNaoRZW4VQqXTIEzDL15NgjnoqnxQsU9ZD7nYWb5y63SzGMJZI6b6nZD" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank"><span style="color: magenta;">https://sovereignwales</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fsovereignwales.com%2Ftag%2Falan-wilson&h=AT0rGz1mFJZPg3JV5miA2IPb6oq5Q8ImFFPoiHHXxAs47yf9KirnotNxgTVn-PSmMkJDpcr2LoemyV8mDCrEmHlU7_7o9vESE534fcHKgpqYAcA9zNaoRZW4VQqXTIEzDL15NgjnoqnxQsU9ZD7nYWb5y63SzGMJZI6b6nZD" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank"><span style="color: magenta;">.com/tag/al</span><span style="color: magenta;">an-wilson</span></a><span style="color: magenta;">)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">has translated old Welsh sources, claiming that King Arthur 2nd of Britain established a British colony in America in the sixth century:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">("The popular belief is that Madog ab Owain Gwynedd sailed to North America in 1170 AD.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Wilson and Blackett, using DNA profiling and radiocarbon dating on artifacts and human remains found in the U.S. Midwest and Wales, claim that it was a Madog Morfran ap Meurig that first sailed to the continent, even earlier, circa 562-575 AD.</span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Wilson states that an Admiral Gwenon was then sent out to check on Madog’s discoveries before Brenin Arthur ap Meurig (King Arthur II) led the third major fleet migration in 574.")</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">This colony (if it did indeed exist), would have been considered a beacon of refuge for Britons, Picts and Irish escaping persecution by Catholics, (whom had demonstrated an unfortunate habit of burning the clergy of the Irish Church (of St. Columba of Iona) in Britain alive at the stake), the Viking invasions and the later Vatican sanctioned Norman conquest.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Early explorers (including Vendrey </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(? spelling)</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> the first post Columbus European to visit the region) found Mandan Indians, (whom some early colonists claimed spoke pure Welsh), some of whom had blue eyes and yellow hair.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">(Dr. Myron Paine has also written that he has childhood memories of blue eyed blonde Mandan tribespeople living in North Dakota in the 1930's).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The creators of the Carte du Canada map (1708), unknowingly made a map of the region where the migration of the Leni Lenape occurred. Sherwin's massive compilation of linguistic comparisons and Dr. Myron Paine's compelling body of evidence, now reveal the Maarlan Aarum to be the true story of the Leni Lenape.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Dr. Myron Paine states that 90% of the Norse Greenlander's diet was seal meat.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Seals were best hunted on the edge of the ice sheets.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">As the weather during the Little Ice A</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">ge by the mid fourteenth century was becoming colder. The ice sheets hugging the coasts reached further south, covering Davis Strait.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Each year the hunters would have to journey further and further south for seal meat.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Eventually the only places which remained ice free were the 'open water marvels,' due to the combination of shallow water and strong currents from huge tidal shifts, on the Ungava Peninsula in Canada and in Hudson Straight.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Desperate hunters would thus journey there during each winter to provide food for their families.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Paine states, <i>'A</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><i> cold climate provided a driving reason for the first trips to get food. As the cold persisted, the possibility of migration became a reality.'</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">As the Little Ice Age persisted, 'the desperate Norse hunters walked to the open water marvels to get food to take home to their families.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">As the cold persisted through two generations, the thought of moving the families to the food became compelling.' </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">(Dr. Paine).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The migration of the Leni Lenape is one of the great endurance feats of any migration.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">It has been called impossible but the Norse were rugged, hardy and desperate.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Dr. Paine continues, <i>'The Frozen Trail was four hundred and fifty five (455) miles from the Northern Settlement to land at Bjarni Island (now called Resolution Island).</i> <i>They had to go another two hundred (200) miles from Bjarni Island to Pamiok on the east coast of Ungava Peninsula.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><i>Good Arctic traveling is about twenty five (25) miles a day, but there is one known case of a man, alone, averaging forty three (43) miles per day."</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">(Comment: The Norse could have made forty to fifty miles a day by sleeping one third of the people on sleds and pulling through all night and a short day. Using a twenty-five (25) mile/day rate, the trip would have taken less than four (4) weeks. The walk would have been a difficult human endeavor, but achievable).'</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(Dr. Myron Paine)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">They also knew they had to leave in the middle of winter, when the arctic sun was sitting low on the horizon and providing sunlight for only two hours a day.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">This was so the Lenape would have the best chance of arriving in America before the ice began to turn to slush, as spring approached.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Greenlanders also understood they couldn't leave later and thus expose their women and children to the late winter and early spring mosquito swarms on the Ungava Peninsula, the first mainland landfall on their journey, which would have been fatal for many of them.</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(</span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">Dr.</span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;"> Myron</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Paine)</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The choices were to stay in Greenland and risk some of their people dying of starvation by early spring or make a desperate life or death trek across the treacherous pack ice in the middle of a dark Arctic winter to reach America before spring.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">These hardy, heroic folk were the survivors of the so-called 'lost' Greenland Norse colony.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Thus, the Greenlander descendants of the Vikings, in 1346, on the brink of starvation, abandoned their exhausted, deforested lands and walked in the darkness west, then south and south east, en masse across the frozen expanses, in a quest for survival and a new life in America (Akomen, which means the other side.).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Leni Lenape trekked, pulling whalebone sleds carrying women with babies, toddlers and small children snugly wrapped in furs, with the elderly and whatever portable possessions they had, through the long arctic winter night.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">"They journeyed across frozen Davis Straight, then undertook a long haul, pulling sleds by hand across the Ungava Peninsula."</span></div>
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: medium;">(frozen</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;"> <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ftrail.org%2F&h=AT2j75uW4x1qbukLcoNC_K62rIFXD4k0-vi3Z8tEhMybUJMwpwbJaypEERZPbs_Qv24JqUCIZPOCfss4qbkTaEvFf5Osi2criJGf3QyjCN18vZZ0V8_m2P6eVT05Eb4bsXwNrPf9Uz1PsUBat1cchkdF3VrEikmvmmbdseJK" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">trail.org</a>)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">They then travelled south down Hudson's Bay, finally arriving at its southern most extremity, at James Bay. They were hungry, dirty, and bitterly cold, some despairing at leaving their homeland, with its snug, turf roofed, stone cottages.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">"After they left James Bay, they migrated whenever surrounding environmental resources diminished.'" </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(</span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">Dr.</span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;"> Myron </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Paine).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Myron Paine has charted the progress of the Leni Lemape in their journey into the American interior by matching landmarks, climate, historical incidents and the landscape with descriptions in the Maalan Aarum.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 28.8px;">Route of LENAPE Migration</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">He also traced the line of Lenape place names, which they left along waterways such as the Red River and the Big Sioux Rivers, as the Lenape migration trail reached further and further into the American interior.</span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">In the dozen or so years after they had crossed the pack ice to James Bay, up until around 1358, they journeyed over the lands south of Hudson Bay. "Then, by 1362, at Big Stone Lake in (South Dakota) the looked towards the Great Lakes for orientation and commented on "Fish Land" (to the east) for the abundant fishing there."</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(<a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT2iOhVwy3LZUmk7I-GmUNmmRER5GFppQFlPAHC5IMU9ElXhlP_FznkEF3IuVlIyzB5oA1gk8oiNLiO_aB3mWEcJodJPcnvqW51mU5hs-2T203gIktAR4OXsXrQvE-ay6xu883UJEbKNSNesaxeQYoEnFv_WV_gvT7o0oBh6" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">frozentrail.org</a>).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">A severe drought then set in, followed by hostile tribes heading down the Missouri Valley, so they headed east into southeast Minnesota, on a long trek towards the caves called Niagara and Mystery, where they dwelled until the drought broke.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">As the rains returned and the land began to replenish, they began a slow migration to the south, along the west bank of the Mississippi, through Iowa and Missouri, to the Missouri River.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">In about 1445, the Lenape crossed the Mississippi, calling themselves "the Len People." The French, who found their descendants on the River of the Divine, called them "the Illinois," meaning, in French, "the LEN people."</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Then they headed east towards Lakes Michigan and Erie. They expanded into Illinois, Indiana and most of Ohio to form the Illinois Confederation.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Around 1470, the migrating Lenape separated the southern Lenape (the Shawnee).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">In the three and a half centuries before the Greenland Lenape migrated, the Shawnee tribes had migrated south reaching, at one point, as far as Mexico.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">But the Lenape continued east over the Allegheny Mountains, towards the Atlantic coast, as many of the men wanted to bring their families back to the 'big sea,' which they reached by around 1500. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(Dr. Myron Paine)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Some moved up the Hudson River and renamed themselves the </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Mahicans (the fish hook people, because the river was drawn lik a fish hook, when the leaders created maps on the sand</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">.) </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">During over a hundred and fifty years, the Lenape migrated for 4,000 miles and settled lands that extended 1,200 miles along the Atlantic seaboard of the North American coast. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(Dr Myron <span style="font-family: inherit;">Paine)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">The region inhabited by the at least 24 tribes descended from the Lenape, reaches, to quote Dr. Myron Paine, </span><i style="font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-large;">"from the Atlantic coast to the purple mountains from Fort Nelson, Manitoba, Canada to Savannah, Georgia."</i></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">These regions were the land settled by the Leni Lenape, including the Algonquin (Delaware) tribes 'the Cree, Chippewa (Ojibwe), Ottawa, , Potawatomi, many Sauk, Fox, Kickapoo, Abenaki, Micmac, Mohican, Shawnee, Illinois, Blackfoot, Pequot, Cheyenne and others who speak dialects of the Algonquin language.</span></span></div>
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</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: small;">(Dr. Myron Pa</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: small;">ine, <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT1BL3ojYSIfBy7FKkTg4PHRlxQE1WXpy58dWXp0JRh3Ldl9oWquCK5exkH9HdxpdN72XhSU1khjKsiFIApEUbdjLL2pd4z7VCpu7__kmtB7t3F79qg7aCYkpOi--TyGvATtARXcQEWRi1fjiD74BM_2ClT8CYFt_11ZZTu-" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">frozentrail.org</a>)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta;">Larry Stroud, The Frozen Trail).</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small; text-align: left;">.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"><b>CALL for ACTION </b></span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">(Dr. Myron Paine)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Thus, Aidon Aakelas has told the story about how the SHAWNEE and the LENAPE were Catholics, who spoke Norse.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">They settled most of eastern North America before AD 1500.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">The Lenape kept a </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">memorized</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"> history cued by pictographs.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The many tribes spoke dialects of Old Norse. But the French guessed wrong by calling the language the "Algonquin" language. The English promoted the "Algonquin" label because it did not reveal the "Old Norse" origin of the Language.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The educated 17th century English knew that when the English invaded, Americans were Catholics, who spoke Norse.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The 17th century English made deliberate decisions to call the Americans, "Indians," the language "Algonquin, and to profoundly distort history by using a propaganda method called "suppression by omission."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The scheme worked four centuries, because, in the 17th century, the English controlled most of the printing presses, the publishing market, and the training of professors.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">But, now, you have access to information like the Lost Greenland Viking Colony and the links to more information via LENAPE LAND.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Besides you can invite you and family to look at the links of <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2012/09/lenape-used-boats.html"><span style="color: blue;">LENAPE LAND.</span></a></span> Also you can publish to the world with a tap on your mouse.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">It is your choice. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Do you want to omit the information you have just learned or do you want to tell your family and friends that <a href="http://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2017/05/most-americans-were-catholics-who-spoke.html"><span style="color: blue;">"When the</span> <span style="color: blue;">En invaded, Americans were Catholics, who spoke Norse?</span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">MAKE A GOOD CHOICE!</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b>AD 1866</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">In 1866 Daniel G Bighton wrote in 'Myths of the New World,' <i>"The Algonquins with one voice called those of their tribes living nearest the rising sun, Abnakis, meaning our</i> a<i>ncestors at the east or dawn; literally our white ancestors."</i></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(The Abnakis and </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Their History,' </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">page 29, N</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">ew York, 1866;</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Bighton, Daniel G.</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Myths of the New World, </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: large;">pa</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">ge 188.)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Professor Roger McLeod of Lowell University in Massachusetts has studied the languages of the tribes along the eastern seaboard of the United States and compiled a huge dictionary of Norse and Gaelic words which have been assimilated into these languages. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">(<span style="color: magenta;">Vision of Albion,</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">posted by Adi Sinclair Livni)</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">'The Rediscovery of America,' by Arlington Mallery also notes the similarity between Norse and the languages of the Algonquin tribes along the Atlantic coast.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Furthermore, in the 17th century, English settlers in North America wrote home telling about native Americans with white skin and blonde hair </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Robert L. Pyle, </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: large;">All That Remains, pp 66)</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">These people were subsequently absorbed into the new European population. </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Myron Paine,</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> frozen <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ftrail.org%2F&h=AT3e8QzkIrkgHLXbRtVpxCZRlv2Q7AtG33kavU4vf7tsgulLC7brSV1vvoVeLdZtd62g11gOXSzfMEYZFCvWLPvlLqgTwMbp3kNisDs6S3Ep1UK-71G4-jZQB0WDEznKWh5p2UUCq5Eq0SpZ_z85soMcZcGATsyToSzgJLNC" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">trail.org</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Eleonora Jonsson, </span><span style="color: magenta;">(Norah4History), </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">having researched old maps and translated little known documents from the original Latin, Old Norse and Old Swedish, comments:</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">"<i>Well, the Natives and the Swedes intermarried over the five hundred years they lived close from up Hudson River where Swedes and Dutch had a trade station all way down to the border of Florida, along the coast from Nova Scotia down to South Carolina Swedes, Scots and Basques settled and traded.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><i>There are five Kalmar Union Flags (Norway, Denmark and Sweden) marked on early French maps of North America, revealing that Greenlanders, Norwegians, Swedes, Dutch, Scots and Danes had at least five settlements operating under the Kalmar Union Flag in Labrador from Hudson Bay to the Atlantic Ocean.</i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The sites included “Krossnes,” in West Virginia, “Nova Dania,” in Manitoba </span><span style="color: magenta;">(Jonsson)<span style="font-size: x-large;">,</span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> Rhode Island, Greater Hibernia (New Ireland), and at Moorhead in Western Minnesota (known as “New Land” in Grenlands Historiske Mindesmarker, “Wynland of the West”, </span><span style="color: magenta;">(Paine) </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">and the “Vinlandia Promontorium.” </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: magenta;">(Hilgren, after the Yale Vinland Map).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Danes and some of the Norse working for the Greenlanders traded furs, falcons and Eagles from Natives via a harbor south of Greenland where also Ivory, dried cod and hard cheese in salt water were sent over the Ocean."</span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Eleonora Jonsson).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Eleonora Jonsson also mentions, in “Proof of early contacts Greenland-North America.”</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large; text-align: right;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Markland and Vinland”mentioned by Olaus Magnus </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: magenta;">(1490-1557) (Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus) </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">and </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Nicholas Bergthorsson in <span style="color: magenta;">(Leidarvisir och borgaskipan)</span> written in first half 1100’s. </span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">One copy was given to the Pope 1134) ”… North of Germany is Denmark. Ocean extending into the Baltic Sea, near Denmark. Sweden is east of Denmark and Norway in the north. North of Norway’s Finnmark. … Beyond Greenland, southward, there Helluland and beyond it Markland, from there it is not far to Vinland. which some people think stretching all the way to Africa. England and Scotland is an island but is separate kingdoms. Iceland is a large island to the north of Ireland …. ”</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">and</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">“From Biarmaland northward all the way until you reach Greenland. South of Greenland lies Helluland, then Markland , then it is not far to Vinland the Good. Which some believe extends to Africa. and if that’s true, the sea must extend between Vinland and Markland..…”</span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Proof of early contacts</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Greenland-North America, </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">© Johansson Inger E,</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Gothenburg</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">September 1013 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">“Sea between"</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Mentioned in Tommaso Marani:</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">“Leiðarvísir. Its Genre and Sources, with Particular Reference to</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">the Description of Rome,”</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Diss Durha</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">m University 2012);</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Jón Jóhannesson: </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">“A History of the Ol</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">d </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Icelandic Commonwealth,”</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Univ. of Manitoba Press, 1974)</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">and</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Finnur Jónsson:</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">“Den islandske litteraturs historie tilligemed den </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">old norske.”</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">He is also mentioned in “Den islandske litteraturens historia,”</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2F&h=AT1CUWQ5XeI2SXNY8lkFdbPJTar0k9edvRSwohqGd8VoY94Z3kX7xI2b39HDQBkPHn01DxNMnnl-8rAJGuF_HVu6ldbPzHZdzKYI_U7NsZ90nyDn9toqkbxoOdU0KQ3jja4uhECPvfWC6gxxmWyXCw5bxDTQ6wAo037_q45h" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">archive.org</a>(Eleonora Jonsson)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The diocese </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Krossnes (Eng. Crossnes) is mentioned in documents regarding tithes collected by Ivar Bardarsson from Greenland’s Gardar [See] and the dioceses under Gardar, among them Krossnes, [in America]</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">delivered in 1364 to the Papal delegate visiting Bergen.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> [Mentioned in Finnur Jónsson’s comments to Ivar Bardarsson’s: </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">“Det gamle Grønlands beskrivelse</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> af Ívar Bárðarson </span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">(Ivar Bårdssön), ed. Finnur Jónsson</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">København, 1930.]</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Eleonora Jonsson also mentions Pinning’s and Pothurst’s 1470’s expedition to Greenland to recover an Annual from a monestry in the Middle Settlement. After recovering the Annual, sailing along the coast past the Eastern Settlement, they were attacked by Inuit and had to flee, spending the Winter on a landfall southwest of Greenland. (Most probably in Newfoundland).</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Investigations have revealed that Columbus’s navigator and his brother were on board. (“Some indications in text indicate that Columbus himself might have participated.’) </span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">('Norah4History’).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">One source for this is the Gemma Frisius world globe of 1537: </span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">“Look at ‘Quij pouli ad quos Johannes Scovvus, danus, Pervenit, Ann. 1476.”</span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">This globe not only delineates Hudson Bay, seventy years before Henry Hudson was born but also shows the Nelson River. (Which Myron Paine writes is the route the Greenland Norse took to reach Lake </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Winnipeg and the Red River on their journey inland to the American heartlands).</span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Jonsson writes that an early version of the map (The original source map, by English cartographer Nicholas of Lynne), was delivered by Ivar Bardarsson to the Norwegian King Hakon, son of the Swedish King Magnus Eriksson in 1364 together with the church tithes he had collected in Greenland and America.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Interestingly, this map also marks the location of the Danish settlement of Nova Dania near the Nelson River in Manitoba</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"> Province, Canada. (This map still exists and can be found in the Linköping’s Science Library).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Jonsson continues: In “1560 the son of Gustav Wasa ordered a globe to be made [for] his coronation. That globe has an almost correct map, unfortunatly the engraver graved NA mirror-wise. It’s one of Sweden’s Crown Jewels…..</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">On the ‘Riksäpplet’ engraved in 1560’s </span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">[for] King Erik XIV:s coronation….. </span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">There is </span><span style="font-size: large;">the ultimate proof of contacts between not only Norway but Sweden before most</span></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> of U.S. had seen any of all the known Explorers.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">In 1560 while most land of U.S. (and Canada) wasn’t explored and hadn’t seen any European settlers at all, our King Erik XIV, son of Gustav Vasa, ordered from Flandern one of our most prestigeos Royal Crown Jewels: King Erik’s ‘Riksapple’.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">King Erik XIV said in his official statement on inheriting the Swedish throne, that he [Erik] was entitled to claim all the Northern Hemisphere. If the Flandern etcher who got the Swedish maps of the world, among the maps one of North America, had not mirrored North America the World would have known that Sweden had the ultimate proof of early explorers of North America due to carthographers back before Columbus had carthographed all land from Florida to California and up today’s U.S. to the Canadian territories. All it takes is a mirror or mirroring North America from a photo of our Swedish Royal Crown Jewel King Erik’s ‘Riksapple‘.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"> By the way. If you hold a photo showing North America in front of a mirror you will find that Mississippi river was known here in Sweden in 1560.”</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Furthermore, Jonsson quotes from the Swedish geographer and historian Olaus Magnus: “In 1505 I saw two such leaderboats [Inuit kayaks] above the Eastern portal in the Oslo Cathedral, sanctified to Saint Halvord, where they were fastened on the wall for everyone to look at. It’s told that King Hakon[son of King Magnus Eriksson] acquired them, when he with an armed battle fleet[!!!] passed Greenland’s coast,….”</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Olaus Magnus: “Historia de gentibus </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">septentrionalibus,” Romæ 1555</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">translated by Peter Fisher</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> and Humphrey Higgens ; </span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">edited by Peter Foote London</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Hakluyt Society 1996-1998 3 volumes).</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Jonsson also mentions sources stating that established European trees had been found in America. Evidence found in tree rings reveals these trees to be predating sixteenth century European settlement. </span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Linneaus: “Virtuella Floran,” Norwegian Maple, (Acer platanoides)</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">and (“The America of 1750 : Peter Kalm’s travels</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">in North America.”</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Eleonora Jonsson’s sources:</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Bull of Pope Anastasius IV</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">Diplomatarium</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Danicum, serie 1, II, no 1</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum band 10 nr 9</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Diplomatarium </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Norvegicum band 4 nr 128</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum band 7 nr 103</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum band 9 nr 84</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Diplomatarium</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Norwegicum bind 1 nr 66 and 67.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum bind 1 nr 71</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Diplomatarium Norvegicum bind 6 nr 36.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Icelandic Annals 1342 written down in 1637</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">by Bishop Gisle Odds</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Ivar Bardarsson, Det gamle Grønlands</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">beskrivelse af Ívar Bárðarson</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> (Ivar Bårdssön), </span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">ed. Finnur Jónsson (København, 1930)</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Nicholars of Thingeyres</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">documents to the Papal See</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Ordericus Vitalis, Historiske besetninger om Normanner og </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Angelsaxere fra Orderik Vitals kirkehistorie I-III.</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Edited in 1889 </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Works:</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Arneborg J, Norbverne i Grönland 1988</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Jansen Henrik M,A critical account of the written and archaeological sources’ evidence concerning the Norse settlements in Greenland, Meddelelser om Grönland 182:4, 1972</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Mason Ronaldy, Great Lakes Archaeology, NY 1981</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">McGovern Thomas H., Bones, Building and Boundaries: Palaeoeconomic Approaches to Norse Greenland</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Rousell A, Farms and churches in the Medieval Norse settlement of Greenland, Meddelelser of Grönland 86(1).</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">The Roman Church in Norse Greenland, editor G F Bigelow, ”The Norse of the North Atlantic, Acta Archaeologica 61(1991) page 142-150 Köpenhamn.]</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Myron Paine has also provided another tantalizing piece of information : '<i>Charles Earl Funk in the foreword to Sherwin's 'The Viking and the Red Men' (February 1940): "A tribe of 'white Indians,' some with 'fair hair and gray eyes,' said to be still inhabiting the west shore of James Bay and speaking a Cree dialect, has also been advanced as such an indication</i>"<i> of Norse settlement)'</i></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Sherwin, 1940)</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Paine also writes that Old Norse names began appearing in documents when the Hudson's Bay Company arrived in Eastman Land, (the name the Greenland Norse called America) which lay on either side of the Sludd River. Sludd means sleet in Old Norse.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The British changed the name to Eastmain River.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Paine states that there are twenty two rivers which flow into James Bay : Nine of these have distinctively Norse names.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Furthermore, Paine cites genetic evidence from researcher Gene Parks, who has found that the Shawnee, (and thus Lenape and at least 23 other tribes) have Norse admixture in their DNA.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">He continues: </span><i style="font-size: xx-large;">'Over half of the male DNA in Iceland is Haplo groups had R1A & R1B. Greenland [meaning Inuit] still has 58.6% of the males with European</i> <i><span style="font-size: x-large;">DNA, mostly R1A and R1B, making the telling point that any genetic surveys of North American native Americans that reveal European DNA have been, up until the beginning of the 21st century, thrown out because they were presumed to have been contaminated by post Columbus European DNA.'</span></i></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"></span><span style="color: magenta;">(<a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT3DE7usltn8yuTW0RA_hF9l0h428TmItMSLrIeYdOJG-CqRfs92qEXX_jSqHDspizsy6FvOM7FG1FaKY3I2FzFA8uIXXp2Qt7_rCzQ1F5N5xWkCrHKK7fBsLkM_ktn9Lt0OiRfnjwb-v0UaMFur8gZt6cy5nZmd8BpZhxhL" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">frozentrail.org</a>)</span></i></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Wallace 'discovoured 'a set of genetic markers found only in the Ojibwe and other tribes living near the Great Lakes; the markers are not found in any other native Americans or in Asia'.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">"<i>We just don't know how it got there,</i>" Wallace says, <i>"but it is clearly related to the European population."</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">"<i>The simple answer would be the DNA arrived with the European colonists, but the strain is different enough from the existing European lineage that it must have left the Old World long before Columbus.”</i></span><span style="color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;"><i>.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Research by Elena Borch, et al, states: </span><i style="font-size: xx-large;">"High Level of male-based Scandinavian admixture in Greenlandic Inuit shown by Y-Chromosome analysis, 2003. Borch notes that she could not distinguish between the Y chromosome of the Inuit and the male populations of 17 northern European countries.</i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: magenta;">(Elena Borch, et al, High Level of male-based </span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">Scandinavian admixture in Greenlandic Inuit shown by Y-Chromosome anaylsis, 2003)</span><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">(Regarding the Albans, Welsh researcher Alan Wilson</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: magenta;">(Alan Wilson - Cymru Sovereign </span><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fsovereignwales.com%2Ftag%2Falan-wilson&h=AT0rGz1mFJZPg3JV5miA2IPb6oq5Q8ImFFPoiHHXxAs47yf9KirnotNxgTVn-PSmMkJDpcr2LoemyV8mDCrEmHlU7_7o9vESE534fcHKgpqYAcA9zNaoRZW4VQqXTIEzDL15NgjnoqnxQsU9ZD7nYWb5y63SzGMJZI6b6nZD" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank"><span style="color: magenta;">https://sovereignwales</span></a></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fsovereignwales.com%2Ftag%2Falan-wilson&h=AT0rGz1mFJZPg3JV5miA2IPb6oq5Q8ImFFPoiHHXxAs47yf9KirnotNxgTVn-PSmMkJDpcr2LoemyV8mDCrEmHlU7_7o9vESE534fcHKgpqYAcA9zNaoRZW4VQqXTIEzDL15NgjnoqnxQsU9ZD7nYWb5y63SzGMJZI6b6nZD" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank"><span style="color: magenta;">.com/tag/al</span><span style="color: magenta;">an-wilson</span></a><span style="color: magenta;">)</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">has translated old Welsh sources, claiming that King Arthur 2nd of Britain established a British colony in America in the sixth century:</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">("The popular belief is that Madog ab Owain Gwynedd sailed to North America in 1170 AD.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Wilson and Blackett, using DNA profiling and radiocarbon dating on artifacts and human remains found in the U.S. Midwest and Wales, claim that it was a Madog Morfran ap Meurig that first sailed to the continent, even earlier, circa 562-575 AD.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Wilson states that an Admiral Gwenon was then sent out to check on Madog’s discoveries before Brenin Arthur ap Meurig (King Arthur II) led the third major fleet migration in 574.")</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">This colony (if it did indeed exist), would have been considered a beacon of refuge for Britons, Picts and Irish escaping persecution by Catholics, (whom had demonstrated an unfortunate habit of burning the clergy of the Irish Church (of St. Columba of Iona) in Britain alive at the stake), the Viking invasions and the later Vatican sanctioned Norman conquest.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Early explorers (including Vendrey </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(? spelling)</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> the first post Columbus European to visit the region) found Mandan Indians, (whom some early colonists claimed spoke pure Welsh), some of whom had blue eyes and yellow hair.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">(Dr. Myron Paine has also written that he has childhood memories of blue eyed blonde Mandan tribespeople living in North Dakota in the 1930's).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The creators of the Carte du Canada map (1708), unknowingly made a map of the region where the migration of the Leni Lenape occurred. Sherwin's massive compilation of linguistic comparisons and Dr. Myron Paine's compelling body of evidence, now reveal the Maarlan Aarum to be the true story of the Leni Lenape.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Myron Paine states that 90% of the Norse Greenlander's diet was seal meat.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Seals were best hunted on the edge of the ice sheets.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">As the weather during the Little Ice A</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">ge by the mid fourteenth century was becoming colder. The ice sheets hugging the coasts reached further south, covering Davis Strait.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Each year the hunters would have to journey further and further south for seal meat.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Eventually the only places which remained ice free were the 'open water marvels,' due to the combination of shallow water and strong currents from huge tidal shifts, on the Ungava Peninsula in Canada and in Hudson Straight.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Desperate hunters would thus journey there during each winter to provide food for their families.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Paine states, <i>'A</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><i> cold climate provided a driving reason for the first trips to get food. As the cold persisted, the possibility of migration became a reality.'</i></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">As the Little Ice Age persisted, 'the desperate Norse hunters walked to the open water marvels to get food to take home to their families.</span></div>
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">As the cold persisted through two generations, the thought of moving the families to the food became compelling.' </span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">(Dr. Paine).</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The migration of the Leni Lenape is one of the great endurance feats of any migration.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">It has been called impossible but the Norse were rugged, hardy and desperate.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Dr. Paine continues, <i>'The Frozen Trail was four hundred and fifty five (455) miles from the Northern Settlement to land at Bjarni Island (now called Resolution Island).</i> <i>They had to go another two hundred (200) miles from Bjarni Island to Pamiok on the east coast of Ungava Peninsula.</i></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><i>Good Arctic traveling is about twenty five (25) miles a day, but there is one known case of a man, alone, averaging forty three (43) miles per day."</i></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">(Comment: The Norse could have made forty to fifty miles a day by sleeping one third of the people on sleds and pulling through all night and a short day. Using a twenty-five (25) mile/day rate, the trip would have taken less than four (4) weeks. The walk would have been a difficult human endeavor, but achievable).'</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">(Dr. Myron Paine)</span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">They also knew they had to leave in the middle of winter, when the arctic sun was sitting low on the horizon and providing sunlight for only two hours a day.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">This was so the Lenape would have the best chance of arriving in America before the ice began to turn to slush, as spring approached.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Greenlanders also understood they couldn't leave later and thus expose their women and children to the late winter and early spring mosquito swarms on the Ungava Peninsula, the first mainland landfall on their journey, which would have been fatal for many of them.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: large;"> (</span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">Dr.</span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;"> Myron</span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Paine)</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The choices were to stay in Greenland and risk some of their people dying of starvation by early spring or make a desperate life or death trek across the treacherous pack ice in the middle of a dark Arctic winter to reach America before spring.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">These hardy, heroic folk were the survivors of the so-called 'lost' Greenland Norse colony.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Thus, the Greenlander descendants of the Vikings, in 1346, on the brink of starvation, abandoned their exhausted, deforested lands and walked in the darkness west, then south and south east, en masse across the frozen expanses, in a quest for survival and a new life in America (Akomen, which means the other side.).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Leni Lenape trekked, pulling whalebone sleds carrying women with babies, toddlers and small children snugly wrapped in furs, with the elderly and whatever portable possessions they had, through the long arctic winter night.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">"They journeyed across frozen Davis Straight, then undertook a long haul, pulling sleds by hand across the Ungava Peninsula."</span><br />
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<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"> (frozen</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ftrail.org%2F&h=AT2j75uW4x1qbukLcoNC_K62rIFXD4k0-vi3Z8tEhMybUJMwpwbJaypEERZPbs_Qv24JqUCIZPOCfss4qbkTaEvFf5Osi2criJGf3QyjCN18vZZ0V8_m2P6eVT05Eb4bsXwNrPf9Uz1PsUBat1cchkdF3VrEikmvmmbdseJK" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">trail.org</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">They then travelled south down Hudson's Bay, finally arriving at its southern most extremity, at James Bay. They were hungry, dirty, and bitterly cold, some despairing at leaving their homeland, with its snug, turf roofed, stone cottages.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">"After they left James Bay, they migrated whenever surrounding environmental resources diminished.'" </span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: large;">(</span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">Dr.</span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;"> Myron </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Paine).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Myron Paine has charted the progress of the Leni Lemape in their journey into the American interior by matching landmarks, climate, historical incidents and the landscape with descriptions in the Maalan Aarum.</span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 28.8px;">Route of LENAPE Migration</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">He also traced the line of Lenape place names, which they left along waterways such as the Red River and the Big Sioux Rivers, as the Lenape migration trail reached further and further into the American interior.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">In the dozen or so years after they had crossed the pack ice to James Bay, up until around 1358, they journeyed over the lands south of Hudson Bay. "Then, by 1362, at Big Stone Lake in (South Dakota) the looked towards the Great Lakes for orientation and commented on "Fish Land" (to the east) for the abundant fishing there."</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">A severe drought then set in, followed by hostile tribes heading down the Missouri Valley, so they headed east into southeast Minnesota, on a long trek towards the caves called Niagara and Mystery, where they dwelled until the drought broke.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">As the rains returned and the land began to replenish, they began a slow migration to the south, along the west bank of the Mississippi, through Iowa and Missouri, to the Missouri River.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">In about 1445, the Lenape crossed the Mississippi, calling themselves "the Len People." The French, who found their descendants on the River of the Divine, called them "the Illinois," meaning, in French, "the LEN people."</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Then they headed east towards Lakes Michigan and Erie. They expanded into Illinois, Indiana and most of Ohio to form the Illinois Confederation.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />Around 1470, the migrating Lenape separated the southern Lenape (the Shawnee).</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />In the three and a half centuries before the Greenland Lenape migrated, the Shawnee tribes had migrated south reaching, at one point, as far as Mexico.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />But the Lenape continued east over the Allegheny Mountains, towards the Atlantic coast, as many of the men wanted to bring their families back to the 'big sea,' which they reached by around 1500. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: magenta;">(Dr. Myron Paine)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Some moved up the Hudson River and renamed themselves the </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Mahicans (the fish hook people, because the river was drawn lik a fish hook, when the leaders created maps on the sand</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">.) </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">During over a hundred and fifty years, the Lenape migrated for 4,000 miles and settled lands that extended 1,200 miles along the Atlantic seaboard of the North American coast. </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta;">(Dr Myron <span style="font-family: inherit;">Paine)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The region inhabited by the at least 24 tribes descended from the Lenape, reaches, to quote Dr. Myron Paine, <i>"from the Atlantic coast to the purple mountains from Fort Nelson, Manitoba, Canada to Savannah, Georgia."</i></span><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;">These regions were the land settled by the Leni Lenape, including the Algonquin (Delaware) tribes 'the Cree, Chippewa (Ojibwe), Ottawa, , Potawatomi, many Sauk, Fox, Kickapoo, Abenaki, Micmac, Mohican, Shawnee, Illinois, Blackfoot, Pequot, Cheyenne and others who speak dialects of the Algonquin language.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(Dr. Myron Pa</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">ine, <a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT1BL3ojYSIfBy7FKkTg4PHRlxQE1WXpy58dWXp0JRh3Ldl9oWquCK5exkH9HdxpdN72XhSU1khjKsiFIApEUbdjLL2pd4z7VCpu7__kmtB7t3F79qg7aCYkpOi--TyGvATtARXcQEWRi1fjiD74BM_2ClT8CYFt_11ZZTu-" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">frozentrail.org</a>)</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta;">Larry Stroud, The Frozen Trail).</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small; text-align: left;">.</span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"><b>CALL for ACTION </b></span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">(Dr. Myron Paine)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Thus, Aidon Aakelas has told the story about how the SHAWNEE and the LENAPE were Catholics, who spoke Norse.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">They settled most of eastern North America before AD 1500.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">The Lenape kept a </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">memorized</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"> history cued by pictographs.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The many tribes spoke dialects of Old Norse. But the French guessed wrong by calling the language the "Algonquin" language. The English promoted the "Algonquin" label because it did not reveal the "Old Norse" origin of the Language.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The educated 17th century English knew that when the English invaded, Americans were Catholics, who spoke Norse.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The 17th century English made deliberate decisions to call the Americans, "Indians," the language "Algonquin, and to profoundly distort history by using a propaganda method called "suppression by omission."</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The scheme worked four centuries, because, in the 17th century, the English controlled most of the printing presses, the publishing market, and the training of professors.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">But, now, you have access to information like the Lost Greenland Viking Colony and the links to more information via LENAPE LAND.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Besides you can invite you and family to look at the links of <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2012/09/lenape-used-boats.html"><span style="color: blue;">LENAPE LAND.</span></a></span> Also you can publish to the world with a tap on your mouse.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">It is your choice. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Do you want to omit the information you have just learned or do you want to tell your family and friends that <a href="http://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2017/05/most-americans-were-catholics-who-spoke.html"><span style="color: blue;">"When the</span> <span style="color: blue;">English invaded, Americans were Catholics, who spoke Norse?</span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">MAKE A GOOD CHOICE!</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">GO TO</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="http://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2016/08/lenape-history-first-semester.html"><span style="color: blue;">LENAPE HISTORY COURSE</span></a></b></span></div>
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LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-1763145984080001732019-09-28T10:49:00.001-07:002019-10-01T11:16:12.351-07:00CARTE DU CANADA<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><b>Carte Du Canada</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><b>AD 1708</b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Researcher Dr. Myron Paine cites the 'Carte Du Canada,' a French map compiled in 1708, which shows place names associated with the Lenape epic, Maalan Aarum.'</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The existence of this map indicates that the early French explorers, upon arriving in North America, had found Christians ('Les Kristinoux') already living there.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Paine continues: <i>'The Carte confirms that the largest area of “Les Kristinaux” was</i> <i>in the northern forests of North America surrounding James Bay and the</i> <i>land south of Hudson Bay.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><i>This area was the termination of the migration across ice recorded in Maalan Aarum (MA) Chap. 3.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><i>On the Carte the large white area from Fort Nelson, in the west, to the Eastmain River, on the east side of</i> <i>James Bay, is labelled “Les Kristinaux.”</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><i>The term ‘Les Kristinaux’ used on the map is the French spelling for the Old Norse word 'Kristin' and a Gaelic word ‘slough,’ which means multitudes, sounds which the early Jesuit missionaries and French explorers would have heard from the Leni Lenape.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><i>Other cartographic evidence of the descendants of the Greenland Norse living in North America is the existence of early French maps with the name 'Norumvegue,'</i> (a native Micmac or Portugese corruption of "Norveca,") meaning ‘Norway’ (The road North), in Old Norse, written across a large region to the southeast of Nova Scotia, (corresponding with the region now known as " New England.")</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"> (<a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT2gN4g_KpBMvE8Gn6WKaBoIZXohOyrxzbH9cBAaSskCjoB2fWmXv4uvKPqUBpxbEtXW-iPorBQ-cyrzJX1x73ptRkZtPojEStLtKIemT_PcTM3ikldjVY8wuXauDwo1_BZSYqjdxybfK5O2zLDeG7T0rYu4NIvIHl-82OOU" rel="noopener nofollow" style="color: #365899; cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">frozentrail.org</a>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">This is another name the French would have heard the Leni Lenape using to describe that region. (What the Lenape were really telling the French was: "We are Norse.")</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">When the Norse first arrived in America, the Americans included large numbers of Irish and Scottish people, who called themselves ‘Albans,’ after the Latin ‘Albani’ meaning people with white skin and hair, hence the Gaelic derivation of the second half of the word "Kristinaux." (Kristin, meaning "Christians" and "ough" most likely derived from the Gaelic root: "Slough," (meaning: "multitudes.") </span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: large;">(</span></span><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT16zYPwUiqTl9dH7efba6F8109UylnLS5YDtroS0eYy_zY9PnHEjIipssxUld-1xmbLpf0lCQgLaPe0B88EeAwbmErtEty0Vx-qk68AFFBHwZtbml_e2BkICwvMzR9zV1z5YC3iztfId939dXBGqJ_MFkNRaUiJswGGFq9I" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small;" target="_blank">frozentrail.org</a> <span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">D<span style="font-size: xx-small;">r.</span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;"> </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">MyronPaine</span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Farley Mowat first proposed the voyages of the Albans. </span><br />
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(Mowat, 1998/2000)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Evidence to support Mowat's hypotheses includes the Ojibwa and Cree traditions, which tell of coming to this land a millennium ago from a land across a salt sea in the east.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large; text-align: right;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">(</span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">Dr.</span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; text-align: right;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">Myron Paine</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">quoting : (Bial, 2000</span>)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Albans were presumably the descendants of Picts, Irish and Britons, whom had escaped after persecution of the old Irish Church of St. Columba in Britain by the Catholic Church, followed by the ensuing Viking invasions, then by the Norman invasion of William the Conquorer (named by the Pope as the true King of Britain, because the church in Britain resisted the hegemony of the Catholic Church)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">thence to Greenland and America.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(Norsh4History)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">(Thus, just as in the later crusades against the Cathars in Southern France, the pagans in the Baltic States and Muslims in the "Holy Land," this Norman invasion was a Vatican sanctioned crusade to restore the British Isles predominantly to the Catholic faith).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Albans were also Christian people, who abided with the pure.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: large;"></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(Dr. Myron Paine)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">Many New England rivers, as well as having Norse and Native American names, are now also known to have Gaelic names, such as 'Merrimac,' which means 'deep fishing' in Algonquin, which is too close to the Gaelic 'Mor-rionmach', meaning 'great depth,' for it to be a coincidence.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The presence of many of these Gaelic words in the Native American languages of the east coast, gives credence to claims that there were indeed tribes of people of Scottish and Irish descent, calling themselves Albans.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Many of the Lenape tribes have legends of their ancestors coming across the sea from the east.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">For instance, the Abnakis are one of twelve Northeast America tribes that have traditions of their ancestors coming from the east over a salty sea.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">As the Abnakis traditions mention their ancestors crossing a 'salty sea' from the 'east, they may be referring to Albans from Scotland as being their ancestors. This is suggested by the fact that the name of the coastal tribe the Micmac in Scottish Gaelic, means 'beloved sons'.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">(Anishinaabe oral history of the Algonquins denotes the Anishinaabe peoples as being descendants of the Abenaki people and refers to them as the "Fathers").</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Swedish researcher Eleonora Jonsson</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(Norah4History, </span><span style="font-family: inherit;">Eleonora Jonsson,</span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"> has translated long forgotten documents from their original archaic scripts, which state that a rescue mission in 1435 took many of the remaining Norse in Greenland to America. </span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(Norah4History)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">She also writes that in 1431 King Eric of Norway wrote to the regent of the young King Henry 6th of England complaining of English pirate raids on Greenland and other Atlantic islands and that records show that there were Norse still living in Greenland up until the 1520's).</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: small;">(Norah4History)</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b>Go to </b></span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://wynlandwest.blogspot.com/2019/09/the-lenape-legend.html"><span style="color: blue;">The LENAPE</span><span style="color: magenta;"> </span><span style="color: blue;">LEGEND</span></a></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-87289640624148101852019-09-27T14:12:00.004-07:002019-09-28T11:14:07.886-07:00LENAPE HISTORY<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">LENAPE HISTORY</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">AD 1820-1831</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.**</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">After successful English colonization began in the early 1600s these new invaders, and consequently their colonial American descendants, as well as the French to the north and the Spanish in the south, slowly drove the Leni Lenape inland.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">By 1820 the Delaware Leni Lenape had been driven into a small plot of land in Indiana 'granted' to them by the US Government.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">When the US army arrived in 1821 and instructed them to move again many of the remaining young men reacted with chaotic rage, blaming their fathers for 'giving all that land in the east away,” some even killed their fathers. (One young man reportedly threw his father on a fire, roasting him alive).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">A dying Leni Lenape historian, a veteran of the revolutionary war, had preserved 186 memory stick pictograms of the Maalan Aarum.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">He was worried that the enraged young men rioting throughout the encampment might destroy the pictographs, so he asked US army doctor John Russel Ward, who was treating him, for assistance.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">As he was dying he finally gave Dr. Ward the bundle of sticks with the pictographs inscribed on them.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">"The historian hoped to save the Lenape 400-year history as the tribe, splintered into chaotic factions that had fought on opposite sides in the American Revolutionary War, massacred each other and were being pushed out of their shrinking land allotments once again. </span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: small;">(</span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Dr.</span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;"> Myron </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Paine, 1996)</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Ward gave the pictographs to the eminent naturalist Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, in Kentucky, whom in turn asked another elderly Lenape historian, who knew the sounds associated with each pictograph, to help him in this project.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">This elderly Leni Lenape man recited them to well meaning Moravian pastors who, not understanding Leni Lenape well, recorded the sounds with European letters, but mistranslated the meanings of many of the sounds.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Another complication was that this Walum Olum, (here-in-after "Maalan Aarum,") must have been passed down by word of mouth through at least sixteen generations.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Many of the words had evolved over time and some were not recognizable to 19th century Leni Lenape speakers.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The resulting Maalan Aarum caused a lot of both interest and confusion, some calling it a fake.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">VIKING and the RED MAN</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Reider T. Sherwin</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">AD 1940-1954</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">It was only when Reider T Sherwin, who had been born on an island off the Norwegian coast where Old Norse was still understood, upon arriving in America heard someone mention an Algonquin place name in New England, that the path to the true story began to unfold.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Sherwin recognized the name as being a Norse word. Whereupon he was duly informed that the name was actually of Native American origin.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">However, both the Norse word he recognized and the Native American name meant the same thing.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Intrigued, Sherwin obtained a map of New England and had soon compiled a list of dozens of Algonquin place names he recognized as being Old Norse.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Furthermore he discovered that these words had the same meanings in both Algonquin and Old Norse.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">This inspired him to further examine linguistic similarities between Norse and Algonquin.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Eventually in 1940, after 18 years research, Sherwin published the first volume of '<i>The Viking and the Red Ma</i>n.'</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Reider T. Sherwin's epic eight volumes of <i>The Viking and the Red Man</i>, 1940-1954, has over 15,000 comparisons of Algonquin and Old Norse phrases.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">(In December 2006, a systematic comparison of the Maalan Aarum words to 19th century Algonquin words and the corresponding Old Norse phrases revealed that every Maalan Aarum sound could be deciphered into Old Norse, vindicating Sherwin's claim that “<i>the Algonquin Indian language is Old Norse</i>").</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">For example 'Milwaukee,' in Old Norse is ‘milde aakre,’ meaning ‘the pleasant land,’ an almost perfect match for the pronunciation and meaning in Algonquin.' </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: small;">(</span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Dr.</span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Myron Paine)</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">'Quebec,' in Old Norse is 'kwe bec', both meaning ‘blocked brook’.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Other examples are 'Mississippi,' (mestr sipi) - mighty waters in Old Norse, big drink in Algonquin.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"> 'Gitchegumee,' (geis sjoe kumme) and meaning big sea basin/great sea reservoir.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"> 'Minniehaha,' (minni ha hardt) which translates as laughing waters/loud laughing chasm.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Another rather obviously Norse sourced Algonquin word is moccasin, from the Old Norse 'maca sin,' meaning "<i>things which are paired.</i>" </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">(<span style="color: magenta;">60 YEAR OLD HISTORY HAS OLD NORSE WORDS, </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: small;">by Larry Stroud,</span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">Ancient Artifact Preservation Society)</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Dr. Paine painstakingly deciphered the Maalan Aarum sounds associated with each pictograph by looking up the Algonquin sound in Sherwin's volumes.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Sherwin had already determined the Old Norse words that had evolved into Algonquin sounds and Sherwin gave the English meaning for the sounds.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">The Moravian pastors had recorded the Lenape Historian's sounds very well. Dr. Paine discovered that he could look up most sounds in Sherwin's volumes. Thus Dr. Paine could evaluate exactly where in the manuscript the Moravian pastors had not made the correct translation. </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">(The Moravian pastors had thus mistranslated the true meaning of the pictographs).</span></div>
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">For instance, what they had written as being the "Walum Olum," </span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Sherwin translated Algonquin sounds with his knowledge of Old Norse, as being the <i>"Maalan Aarum, </i></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><i>Engraved Years."</i></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(</span><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT3Xbao1qPajmp_IdHvGKJ_2NDHbddeIYd3oOngEIcDNj5Q6vlrJr7sFc936PeV3Jh36tQ7fLVDzCeEilHqV-MvCWAnBiNqKRqP9c-f6mh4SqQsBenMvtPYQ5vnntdTTAp3lUme3zH8fWyH0Lh4CeKbQfz47dtUGgRvgmNfV" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">frozentrail.org</a>, <span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Larry Stroud</span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">)</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><b>GO TO</b></span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><b><a href="https://wynlandwest.blogspot.com/2019/09/carte-du-canada.html"><span style="color: blue;">Carte Du Canada</span></a></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-87121772277311095372019-09-27T13:48:00.002-07:002019-09-27T14:19:32.753-07:00The INTERLUDE<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b>INTERLUDE</b></span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b>AD 1982 - 1989</b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">(Professor Barry Fell, of Harvard University, accumulated a compelling body of evidence strongly suggesting that the Egyptians, during the reign of Pharoah Akhnaten, had visited America, worshipping the sun as God.)</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Is it a coincidence that the Hebrews, whom had already been in America during the time of King Solomon, with some indigenous tribes still apparently practicing some elements of the faith up until the arrival of European settlers in their lands - called the sun '<i>Shim si yahu,</i>' which translates as <i>'The sun is my God.'</i></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(Rabbi Edward Jacques).</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small; text-align: start;">.</span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b>ENGLISH IVASION</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b>AD 1585</b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Hariot was told about a woman who conceived by intervention of a god whose son brought guidance for humankind and heard another story of a man who was raised from the dead.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Further signs of their continued Christianity are that when the Norse left Greenland, they still had an intimate connection with the Virgin Mary, as did most Scandinavians at the time.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">This connection continued in America, only the name 'Virgin Mary' was replaced with the name '</span><i style="font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-large;">Kewasa</i><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">,' which is derived from the Old Norse '</span><i style="font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-large;">Gaas</i><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">,' meaning ‘</span><i style="font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-large;">womb</i><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">’.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">John White described every temple as having a picture of Kawasa in the Arctic birthing posture, to which the Leni Lenape bowed down and worshipped.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">(Linguist Reider T. Sherwin wrote that 16 colonial translaters had written that <i>Kewasa</i> meant '<i>mother'</i> and one went further, saying <i>Kewasa</i> translated as '<i>mother of Jesus.</i>')</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(Reider T. Sherwin,</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">The Viking and the Red Man,</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Volumes 1 - 8, 1940-1954)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">White recorded an accurate depiction of an Algonquin woman wearing a St. Hans Cross engraved with blue shell (such crosses were worn in Scandinavia from between 1000 and 1300), and prayer beads.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b>JOHN SMITH</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b>AD 1607-1614</b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Twenty years later Captain John Smith, of the Pocahontas legend, (he was acquainted with her and one of his men married her) leader of the first Jamestown Colony, said that in 1610 he had met an American Christian bishop in the Maine district.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Other explorers of the region said that the other local chiefs were under this bishop's rule.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(</span><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT3h1shC_myQkor1eSmzuVCPdCDbgDjAtF6t4q9op3bxNlDqhbzXTWqCDFDQzdjsjv34k72ZJ6w5jTjo57THPACLihZsQ6bWRYQkfdSMi7E9m4f3V71oaQoMVImXCfA119QX2SwuCXAH8mnbCWQgqRycVLBjEk8iDt8yBoSG" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">frozentrail.org</a><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">, </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">Dr.</span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; text-align: right;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">MyronPaine, </span></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">quoting (Wellender 1972); (Brinton 1885).</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Smith's account of a Leni Lenape bishop in Maine shows that the early Norse Bishops, following Bishop Gnuppson, the first American bishop, had continued the lineage and had even set up a bishopric in America.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Leni Lenape (who claimed descent from the '<i>Noosh</i>') recorded their ongoing history in the same way they had learned the bible stories, by self-verifying stanzas cued by pictographs, (etchings on sticks,) and they called these, the "<i>Maalan Aarum"-the engraved years.</i></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;"><i>.</i></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><span style="color: magenta;">Go to </span><a href="https://wynlandwest.blogspot.com/2019/09/lenape-history.html"><span style="color: blue;">LENAPE HISTORY</span></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-13690230538167100402019-09-25T14:49:00.001-07:002019-09-27T13:59:41.760-07:00The INVASION<div style="margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;">The INVASION</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><b>AD 1585 - 1720</b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">When, over two hundred years after the Lenape had left Greenland to settle in America, Queen Elizabeth, the first of England, was granting provisions for Sir Walter Raleigh's expedition to the New World, with the mission to establish an English colony there, she agreed that two highly accomplished men, John White, an artist, and John Harriot, an eminent man of science, should go with the expedition.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">Hariot, once the colonists arrived at Roanoke Island, quickly learned the Algonquin language of the Leni Lenape from the native American descendants of the Greenland Norse living there.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">When enquiring of a local chief as to the religious beliefs of his people, he was informed - '<i>There is one chiefe God that has been from all eternitie.'</i></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Hariot wrote that, '<i>They believe in the immortality of the soul.'</i></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;"><i>.</i></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">He also later wrote that he was renewed in his Christian faith by the devotion shown to Jesus by the Lenni Lenape priests.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">T</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">hey ca</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">lled him '</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><i>Geezis'</i>, <i>'the light of the world,</i></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">' and worshipped him through the sun. </span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: magenta;">(</span></span><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT0uEZlxYfickwc0h-jXMASc-uBJI7LnayT-NsrpHgj8FtYhxb9KDtAMfWWrSl0bp_UJwIWsk0xW62k7LN0VNj3-UnR8vh_s9PZS_nCXwZY-YKZ6A96XNLqPtE2ohRuRrDIq80ZjUFUuQkLPfe7yCpbrlMfpiHqDkpVlbh7I" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank">frozentrail.org</a>, <span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">Dr.</span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;"> </span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: magenta;">Myron Paine</span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit;">),</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">quoting (Ingman 1966) and Mowat (1965))</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><i style="color: white;">.</i></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="color: magenta;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Go to</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span><a href="https://wynlandwest.blogspot.com/2019/09/the-interlude.html" style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: blue;">the INTERLUDE</span></a></b></span><br />
<br /></div>
</div>
LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-18030397684488215162019-09-20T14:26:00.001-07:002019-09-20T15:01:14.680-07:00The BROTHERS SPLIT<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 47.0pt center 3.0in; text-align: center;">
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">THE HUNTERS</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsfXpAdB2GK7SKMbWcqwrzcSYdwmxC-hClcB1BeOkVYbQlIeTZslbBg1k0S0Zl8UuTKbdAOmyzkzCSybocNCtlkZQVQG9bBaVP45SgjPYC9xYwvPYDw5Jp2ECkgHnXn67DG56t5OuyINZT/s1600/34Split.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="150" data-original-width="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsfXpAdB2GK7SKMbWcqwrzcSYdwmxC-hClcB1BeOkVYbQlIeTZslbBg1k0S0Zl8UuTKbdAOmyzkzCSybocNCtlkZQVQG9bBaVP45SgjPYC9xYwvPYDw5Jp2ECkgHnXn67DG56t5OuyINZT/s1600/34Split.gif" /></a></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>The poor, lonely, but tough men<o:p></o:p></i></b></span></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b><i>became hunters </i></b></span></span><b><i>and left</i></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>those living in strong houses.</i></b></span><b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">,</span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The lonely tough men are shown on the right. The man living in the strong house indicates his </b></span></span><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>possession by the cane pressed to the ground,</b></span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
</div>
<div class="p1" style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Nordic inheritance tradition was that the oldest son got the farm, the house and probably the most competent woman in the neighborhood. </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">The younger sons became hunters, who survived by growing tough during their lonely hunting.</span></b></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">,</span></div>
</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;">Those "Prongs" on their heads may have been the Lenape historian's method of identifying Catholics, who always mentioned the "Father, Son, and Holy Ghost" as part of their rituals.</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;">Catholics still do.</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHRcjeQ2gkFVPonyor_BxdojCAQYVrxUoWnTKHI5QHLy4Qcwc0N1euCIeZ-VfTh-jyJUcZ2JSVVZuU4NzVwQvF8Upl-Tqdij6rrqcwjz-577EeAhloAE0LhG4Ssg-OdZRvRdRMv8NDlp-a/s1600/35MightyHunters.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHRcjeQ2gkFVPonyor_BxdojCAQYVrxUoWnTKHI5QHLy4Qcwc0N1euCIeZ-VfTh-jyJUcZ2JSVVZuU4NzVwQvF8Upl-Tqdij6rrqcwjz-577EeAhloAE0LhG4Ssg-OdZRvRdRMv8NDlp-a/s320/35MightyHunters.gif" width="289" /></a></div>
<span style="color: blue; font-size: medium;">Separated from home</span></div>
</div>
<div class="p1">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-size: medium;">like breasts on the same body</span></div>
</div>
<div class="p1">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-size: medium;">the hunters became tougher</span></div>
</div>
<div class="p1">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-size: medium;">extremely good and</span></div>
</div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></b><br />
<div class="p1">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: blue; font-size: medium;">they reached for the sky.</span><br />
<div class="p1">
<b></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<div class="p3">
<b><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"></span></b><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">This pictograph looks similar to the images of Thor that were being etched in Northern Europe. That image carried a hammer and a lighting bolt.</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>This pictograph shows the two important tools the hunters need to survive: an arrow to get meat to eat. </b></span><b style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: purple; font-size: large;">They thought God could grow meat better than humans.</span></b><b style="font-size: x-large;"> Somewhere in the stories are tales of the Hunters asking God for forgiveness as they pulled the arrow back in the bow.</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: purple; font-size: large;">They used the paddle to travel fast and far.</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>An entrry in the Jesuit Relations tells of the Bishop warning new priests, who will be going to the field.</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>The Bishop's warning was: Do not worry about breaking something in their teepees. They forgive decent humans.</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>They will convey you wherever you want to go. But if you pick up and use a paddle, be prepared to paddle from sun up to sun down.</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Do not damage their canoes or harm their waterways!</b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="p2">
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: purple; font-size: large;"><b>Those two tools made them independent and mighty in a land of plenty.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: purple; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2015/08/questions-for-north-east-south-west.html"><span style="color: blue;">NORTH, EAST,</span><span style="color: black;"> </span></a></span></b><br />
<b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2015/08/questions-for-north-east-south-west.html"><span style="color: blue;">SOUTH, WEST</span><span style="color: blue;"> </span></a></span></b></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<b><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
</div>
LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-81551666552449111862019-09-19T11:53:00.003-07:002019-09-25T14:59:43.487-07:00LITTLE ICE AGE<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><b>Little Ice Age</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><b>AD 1280-1410</b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Then the 'Little Ice Age,' beginning in the 13th century, set in. Ice floes and stormy conditions in the Atlantic rendered shipping unsafe, perhaps creating economic hardship to the colony.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">In the late 14th century their trading ship the Greenland Knarr was wrecked.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">For centuries, it was commonly believed the last news heard in Europe of the Greenlanders was from a visit in 1410 mentioning that a wedding was recorded at the Hvalsey Church, in the Eastern Settlement in 1409.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">As the extreme cold of the Little Ice Age became more severe, by the middle of the 14th century, the folk of the eastern settlement became concerned as to the fate of their kin in the isolated western settlement, hundreds of kilometers to the north.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Nothing had been heard of them for several years.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">When Ivar Bardarsson, King Magnus Ericsson's ombudsman visited the western settlement in 1341-42 to enquire as to his parishioner's welfare and to drive off the 'skraelings,' (the Inuit) whom had reportedly been attacking the settlement, he found it completely abandoned.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">(<span style="color: magenta;">Norse in Greenland, </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">by Dr. Kathryn Denning)</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">He later wrote in his report to Bishop Thorstein of Iceland: '...<i>now the Skraeling have [destroyed] the whole of the Western </i></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><i>Settlement. There are only horses, goats, cattle, and sheep all wild, but no</i></span><i><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"> inh</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">abitants, neither Christian nor Heathen.'</span></i><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Archeological surveys have since found evidence that some of the starving inhabitants, on one of the farms, during a harsh winter, shortly before the demise of the settlement, had slaughtered their valuable livestock (including a highly prized new born calf) and their dog, in order to stay alive.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(Collapse : How Societies Choose to Succeed or Fail,</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">by Jared Diamond)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">However, no evidence of mass starvation or</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">of the Inuit destroying the settlement while the Norse still occupied it has been found.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">On the contrary, the only remains of Norse found show that they had had Christian burials and had been, for most of their lives, relatively healthy, before eventually dying from natural causes.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: medium;">(Greenland Archeology, </span></span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Smithsonian </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Institution National Museum)</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> portable belongings in their houses had been removed methodically and in an orderly way, with no sign of a desperate, last minute evacuation.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: white; color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>So what had become of the Greenland Norse?</i></b></span><span style="background-color: white; color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Did they all starve to death, frozen into their homes, from the effects of the medieval Little Ice </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Age?</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bardarsson</span> reportedly found a clue to this enigma left at the settlement written in Latin, most probably by a Norse 'bishop,' whom had lived there. It read: "<i>Ad Americae Populose Se Converterunt,'</i> which translates as, '<i>To the people of America we have turned'.</i></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(</span><span style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;"><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT3T4FOrC6B3BIZyf1KOr9lQiw_EYvJzdozRgIvFN3dVaRLgeR1QEfqa3z_8TBqNaNX3VhDTtir5TftDbZ4_fMAXuk_jdfpHAiwZWwXy3VjCu_sSTSc9rrfDeJb41kPXQOBG-tA7MEc6BSG3taIkk9GPE3FH_tHf5YK4QwwZ" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">frozentrail.org</span></a><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">Dr. Myron Paine)</span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Greenlanders had an ongoing relationship with America (perhaps named "Mer Rica," which means "ocean lands") from the earliest times of their colony, described in their oral history, ‘the Maalan Aarum (The Engraved Years)’.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Eric the Red's son, Leif Ericson had sailed to America in 1000.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">That same year, most of the Greenland leaders converted to Christianity at the request of King Haarkon of Norway.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Those who persisted in following the Norse God Odin were ruthlessly driven out of Greenland, their homes burned and so, having nowhere else to go, ventured to America where they thrived in the verdant lands.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">In 1121 Bishop Eiric Gnuppson, appointed by the Vatican as Bishop of Greenland, relocated to America with many followers to be a Christian pastor to the many Norse already there.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Once there, he communicated to the Norse in far away colonies by using the Drottkvaett format. The Drottkvaett format is a method to ensure that a message transmitted orally is self-verified, which means that the sounds heard by the reciever are the sounds spoken by the transmitter. Part of the Drottkvaet process is to create a small pictograph to help the transmitter of the stanza recall the correct sounds. The process results in visible pictographs on sticks. Someone, perhaps Gnuppson used the Drottkvaet format to tell the Genesis story. Packets of the forty pictografts accompanied the forty self-verifying stanzas in order to teach Genesis to the listeners at 29 altars in the Mississippi basin and the five known churches on the Atlantic Coast.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The people of America were reciting Genesis five centuries before King James in England had the Bible compiled by English Scholars.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(</span><span style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;"><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT3T4FOrC6B3BIZyf1KOr9lQiw_EYvJzdozRgIvFN3dVaRLgeR1QEfqa3z_8TBqNaNX3VhDTtir5TftDbZ4_fMAXuk_jdfpHAiwZWwXy3VjCu_sSTSc9rrfDeJb41kPXQOBG-tA7MEc6BSG3taIkk9GPE3FH_tHf5YK4QwwZ" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">frozentrail.org</span></a><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">Dr. Myron Paine)</span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Following bishops continued with this practice. </span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(</span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Dr.</span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> Myron </span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">Paine 2007)</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Many Norse had left the harsh life in Greenland and followed the path of the earlier Odin worshippers.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">They had migrated to America, where food was abundant, and adopted an American, hunter-gatherer, outdoor lifestyle, living on bison, geese, fox, bear, seals, whales and fish. They only returned to Greenland for short stays.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">;.</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">The Norse who stayed in Greenland had adapted to traveling to America to hunt for the abundant food there. This was because once they had felled the Greenland forests, cattle grazing had practically destroyed their farmlands.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: medium;">(</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(</span><span style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;"><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT3T4FOrC6B3BIZyf1KOr9lQiw_EYvJzdozRgIvFN3dVaRLgeR1QEfqa3z_8TBqNaNX3VhDTtir5TftDbZ4_fMAXuk_jdfpHAiwZWwXy3VjCu_sSTSc9rrfDeJb41kPXQOBG-tA7MEc6BSG3taIkk9GPE3FH_tHf5YK4QwwZ" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">frozentrail.org</span></a><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">Dr. Myron Paine)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">So especially on the smaller holdings they had to rely increasingly on seafood, mainly seal meat, in order to survive.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(Greenland Archeology)</span></div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">D</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">uring winter, when the sea froze over, seal hunting was not possible as the Norse did not learn from the Inuit how to catch seals through holes cut into the ice.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The only alternative to starvation for many Norse from these smaller holdings would have been to winter in America, in less severe southern climes, living off the land from which they could hunt.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Adventurous young men, wanting to make their way in the world, would have seen America, after a few hunting trips there, as a much more attractive proposition.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Because of environmental degradation and the Greenlander's practice of digging up the outfields on their farms, known as 'flaying the outfields,' to make and repair turf roofs continually in need of renewal, the already meagre amount of arable land was continually decreasing.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Due to this scarcity of arable land, only the eldest son inherited the family farm - lock, stock and barrel.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">He would most probably have married the prettiest girl in the village. </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">The younger sons got nothing.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Archeological excavations in Greenland Norse settlements have also found a disproportionate number of female children and young adult women died before reaching full maturity (probably from protein and vitamin A poisoning from their diet of seal meat and the lack of hygiene in their turf mound homes).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Thus, a shortage of prospective wives in Greenland was another incentive for young men to venture to America.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">For many of the families dwelling on the small coastal farms south of Greenland, the only escape from the severe weather may have been south to the Ungava Peninsula and thence to more temperate climes in America (a pathway which one suspects, may have already been well worn).</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Many of the Greenland Norse were contemptuous of the Vatican, which exacted huge tithes from the struggling Greenlanders. These tithes would have become increasingly difficult to bear as their farmlands degraded and became less productive.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The corrupt Catholic Church had, by 1340, taken possession of 190 farms in the western settlement, in lieu of payment of church tithes for indulgences, special masses, etc. reducing much of the population to the status of serfs.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: medium;">(</span><span style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;"><a data-ft="{"tn":"-U"}" data-lynx-mode="asynclazy" href="https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Ffrozentrail.org%2F&h=AT3T4FOrC6B3BIZyf1KOr9lQiw_EYvJzdozRgIvFN3dVaRLgeR1QEfqa3z_8TBqNaNX3VhDTtir5TftDbZ4_fMAXuk_jdfpHAiwZWwXy3VjCu_sSTSc9rrfDeJb41kPXQOBG-tA7MEc6BSG3taIkk9GPE3FH_tHf5YK4QwwZ" rel="noopener nofollow" style="cursor: pointer; font-family: inherit;" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">frozentrail.org</span></a><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">Dr. Myron Paine)</span></div>
</div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 6px; margin-top: 6px;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Did Ivar Bardarsson know, when he visited the Western settlement in 1351,that the whole population of the settlement had left only five years before?</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">In 1346, the 1,000 Catholic Norse Greenlanders of the settlement walked across the ice sheets in Davis Strait to the North American mainland, at James Bay.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">In the following years, at least 3,000 Norse Catholics from the Eastern settlement came to James Bay.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">In 1364 the Englishman Nicholas of Lynne, who took Bardarsson back to Europe on his ship, </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">reported to King Edward the third of England that, "</span><i style="font-size: xx-large;">nearly 4000 people who 'entered the in drawing seas [beyond Greenland] never returned,</i><span style="font-size: x-large;">" an event recorded in his report to the kings of England and Norway/Sweden.</span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;"><i>"The Inventio Fortunata.”</i></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(</span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">Norah4 History, </span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">Eleonora Jonsson</span></span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: inherit; font-size: xx-small;">)</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"> The Greenland Norse called themselves the Leni Lenape, meaning <i>"abiding with the pure,"</i> (Living by the ethics of Jesus).</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Bishop Thorstein in 1360 wrote in his journal: <i>"The inhabitants of Greenland of their own free will have abandoned the true faith ....and joined themselves with the folk of America.</i>"</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">[This was quoted by Icelandic Bishop Oddsen, who reconstructed the letter from a manuscript he found in the seventeenth century].</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">The Leni Lenape, once in America, adhered to the principles of their 'pure' Christian faith.</span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://wynlandwest.blogspot.com/2019/09/the-invasion.html"><span style="color: blue;">GO TO </span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://wynlandwest.blogspot.com/2019/09/the-invasion.html"><span style="color: blue;">THE INVASION</span></a></span></div>
</div>
</div>
LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-10911382759037056162019-09-14T13:48:00.000-07:002019-09-17T15:22:16.583-07:00NORSE HISTORY, WEEK 1<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">SAT, SEPT. 14, 2019<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">LIST of PEOPLE, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>WHO VOTED THAT the <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">NORSE in AMERICA HISTORY<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>EXISTS:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br clear="ALL" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Vang Bach<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Carolyn Bowman<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Jim Gray<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">.John Alvae<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Fritz Hoenke<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ancient America Conference<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Karl Hoenke<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ancient America Conference<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">FRANK ESPOSITO<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">KEAN University<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Craig Judge <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">KEAN University<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Andi Lago<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">KEAN University</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Michael Grohowski<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">KEAN University<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Robert Muller<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">KEAN University<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">CHRISTINA KOVACS<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">KEAN University<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">BEN WIESEL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Kean University<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Sue Ellen Greenwold<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">KEAN University<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">DON GREENE</span>CHIEF, </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">APPALACHIAN SHAWNEE Tribe<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">PATTIE GREENE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">APPALACHIAN SHAWNEE Tribe</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">AMERICAN HISTORY </span>ENCYCLOPEDIA</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">JUDY JOHNSON<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ancient America Conference<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">VALIMAR SAMUELSON<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">ICELAND<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Karen Minnis<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>HOLY
NAME Unive<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br clear="ALL" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section3">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">These people "LIKED" NORSE in
AMERICA Posts:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br clear="ALL" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section4">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Dean P Contreras<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Keith Young<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">James Roberts<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Curt Halldorson<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Lowell Godfrey<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br clear="ALL" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: auto;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="Section5">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Carman DiCicco<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Paul WeaL<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "cambria"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><br clear="ALL" style="mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;" />
</span></b>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">TOTAL = 27<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">See Week 2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt;">LIST of PEOPLE WHO</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt;">THINK THAT</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt;">NORSE in</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt;">NORTH AMERICA
History</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt;">is a</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt;">FANTASY</span></b><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt;">ROGER BERGAN</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt;">Carlton Senior Living</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt;">Concord, Ca.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt;">JAN ANDERSON</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt;">Friend to a cat</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 7.5pt;">.</span></b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background: white; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 24.0pt;"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/jeffringr?fref=pb&__tn__=%2Cd-a-R&eid=ARDv_7R2IxpE2CWVaofY1r4tSJiUC3Pa7Ps070m3VR-85bqlCSsnXxp7VAxwamJyM3Gt1CTjWm3-2TbF&hc_location=profile_browser"><span style="color: windowtext;">Jeffrey </span></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/jeffringr?fref=pb&__tn__=%2Cd-a-R&eid=ARDv_7R2IxpE2CWVaofY1r4tSJiUC3Pa7Ps070m3VR-85bqlCSsnXxp7VAxwamJyM3Gt1CTjWm3-2TbF&hc_location=profile_browser"><span style="color: windowtext;">Redmond</span></a></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt;">Davenport University.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt;">TOTAL = 3</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-38337980349751996662019-09-09T12:50:00.000-07:002019-10-03T10:00:20.923-07:00NORSE in AMERICA TALLY<div style="text-align: center;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_azbdgaXFaZTMGe5sU32G5h289vM6gzVKgmaU3JjEedI1tv98dJbK1zVlMQFCJgGGhM9DMB_U91WGbawoaw-VyTrlbj9Kjxr2vsxKajFRYJ4dvUGtxWpmgdD19JbFZTW4nGN9j2y4ZFY/s1600/wa4_4-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="100" data-original-width="142" height="450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_azbdgaXFaZTMGe5sU32G5h289vM6gzVKgmaU3JjEedI1tv98dJbK1zVlMQFCJgGGhM9DMB_U91WGbawoaw-VyTrlbj9Kjxr2vsxKajFRYJ4dvUGtxWpmgdD19JbFZTW4nGN9j2y4ZFY/s640/wa4_4-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">DOES the NORSE HISTORY of AMERICA<br />EXIST <br />or is it a <br />FANTASY?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">__ __ __ __ __ __<br />TO VOTE:<br />Tap on<br /><a href="https://minnesotawaterway.blogspot.com/2019/09/the-norse-in-america-history-exists_21.html"><span style="color: blue;"><b>EXISTS</b></span></a><br />or </span><br />
<b style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://minnesotawaterway.blogspot.com/2019/09/norse-in-north-america-is-fantasy.html"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">FANTASY</span></span></a></b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br />and put your name<br />in the COMMENTS<br />section.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
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<div class="p1">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div class="p1">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-family: "times"; font-size: large;"><b>WEDNESDAY</b></span><b style="font-family: times;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"> OCT.3, 2019</span></b></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-size: 28.8px;">
<b style="font-size: xx-large;">TALLY </b><b style="font-size: xx-large;">of VOTES for</b></div>
<div style="font-size: 28.8px;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">NORSE in AMERICA</span></div>
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://minnesotawaterway.blogspot.com/2019/09/the-norse-in-america-history-exists_21.html"><span style="color: blue;">LIST of PEOPLE, </span></a></span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">WHO VOTED THAT </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: large;">the </span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-size: large;">NORSE in AMERICA</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">HISTORY</span></span></b><br />
<b><a href="https://www.sacred-texts.com/nam/walam/wa03.htm"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: blue;"> </span></span><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">EXISTS:</span></a></b></div>
</div>
<div class="p1">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="p1">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>83</b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="p2">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="p1">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://minnesotawaterway.blogspot.com/2019/09/norse-in-north-america-is-fantasy.html"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">LIST</span> of </span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">PEOPLE</span></span><span style="color: blue;">, </span></a></span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;"><span style="color: blue;">WHO VOTED THAT</span> </span></span></b><b><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">the </span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">NORSE in AMERICA</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">HISTORY</span></span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>IS A</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>FANTASY:</b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="p1">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>3</b></span></div>
</div>
<br />LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-62173457215072681322018-11-14T09:54:00.002-08:002018-11-14T09:54:39.489-08:00ABEBOOKS<style type="text/css">
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<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The VIKING and the RED MAN books have been suppressed</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: x-large;">for nearly six decades. They are hard to find.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: x-large;">the main source is ABEBOOKS.</span></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s1"></span><br /></span></div>
<div class="p3">
<span class="s2"><a href="https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?sts=t&cm_sp=SearchF-_-home-_-Results&an=Sherwin&tn=VIKING+and+the+RED+MAN&kn=&isbn="><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: blue;">https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?sts=t&cm_sp=SearchF-_-home-_-Results&an=Sherwin&tn=VIKING+and+the+RED+MAN&kn=&isbn=</span></span></a></span></div>
<div class="p4">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s1"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
</span><span class="s3" style="font-size: x-large;">Most titles include the “OLD NORSE ORIGIN of the ALGONQUIN LANGUAGE.”</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: x-large;">If you think that statement is wrong, you are carrying the 17th century English MYTH in your head.</span></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s1"></span><br /></span></div>
<div class="p5">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://lenape-epic.blogspot.com/2011/11/biography-of-myron-paine.html"><span style="color: blue;">MYRON</span>,</a> @ <a href="http://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2012/09/lenape-used-boats.html"><span style="color: blue;">LENAPE LAND</span></a></span></div>
<br />LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-42748701797098761602018-11-12T11:51:00.001-08:002018-12-31T09:53:54.683-08:00VIKING and the RED MAN<style type="text/css">
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Old Norse</span></span><br />
<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: x-large;">is the <span style="color: red;">origin</span> </span><span style="font-size: large;">of the </span></span><br />
<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Algonquin Language.</span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpdAWKKxSo7qmbfDJl9M7J9ZE8bLY0zCtMxzDmR-2wAPE8ojbPeQK04v1whxxjcNusdD_l_E6oeBFIzxfESJ39HHFUhpUmWjWAPmwgjmbcKaOJ5rk7to3x-kn9jqoPXYzfEBmfZktThvo/s1600/SHERWIN+%2526+BOOKS_edited-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1201" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpdAWKKxSo7qmbfDJl9M7J9ZE8bLY0zCtMxzDmR-2wAPE8ojbPeQK04v1whxxjcNusdD_l_E6oeBFIzxfESJ39HHFUhpUmWjWAPmwgjmbcKaOJ5rk7to3x-kn9jqoPXYzfEBmfZktThvo/s640/SHERWIN+%2526+BOOKS_edited-1.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">REIDER T. SHERWIN </span><span style="font-size: large;">wrote eight volumes of the </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">VIKING and the</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">RED MAN<br />(1940 to 1956)</span></b>
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<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: x-large;">for a total of </span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>15,000</b></span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>OLD NORSE WORDS = ALGONQUIN </b>with sound and meaning.</span></span></div>
</td></tr>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Reider T. Sherwin published the eight volumes of</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: blue;">t</span><a href="https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?sts=t&cm_sp=SearchF-_-home-_-Results&an=Sherwin&tn=VIKING+and+the+RED+MAN&kn=&isbn="><span class="s2"><b><span style="color: blue;">he VIKING and the RED MAN</span>, </b></span></a>in 1940, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 53, 56.</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">A </span><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/sh/osjctez49to2hib/AADlFkGwlB75Vibd9cASJvuUa?dl=0" style="font-size: xx-large;"><span style="color: blue;">VIKING</span> </a></span><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/sh/osjctez49to2hib/AADlFkGwlB75Vibd9cASJvuUa?dl=0" style="font-size: xx-large;"><span style="color: blue;">and the RED MAN DROPBOX</span></a><span style="font-size: x-large;"> still makes all 1549 pages available tor viewers.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Sherwin's VIKING and the RED MAN is very strong evidence that when the English invaded, most Americans spoke Norse.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">SEE BOOKS LISTED IN</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?sts=t&cm_sp=SearchF-_-home-_-Results&an=Sherwin&tn=VIKING+and+the+RED+MAN&kn&isbn&fbclid=IwAR1scxkFtv_SRUoQTJguipyloOeLpBR_DJIqNgSfEbspTiH_RHIr0Q4vY54"><span style="color: blue;">ABEBOOKS</span></a></span></div>
</div>
<br />LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-43503467005656006132018-10-03T11:52:00.003-07:002018-11-19T09:50:28.399-08:00DROP in the Ocean<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Aidon has written a clear,
concise, and comprehensive article about<span style="color: blue;"> </span><a href="https://wynlandwest.blogspot.com/2018/10/lost-greenland-viking-colony.html"><span style="color: blue;">how the Americans</span> <span style="color: blue;">became Catholics,who spoke Norse,</span></a> before the English invaded.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8S5P_zAx9oFHC0vUnw2JFA7B0-jc_R0eRTQtuUUTXEZekI_1CZMOAlzhggADIDRkk4BN4QyOs8XUf1Sq0OB1hyJKMIR8dkaKIaO0paB3mXyYUY7M_E3J8x37wQNV8-Mamq4kNTo3v7PM/s1600/NORSE+SCORE_edited-6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="178" data-original-width="371" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8S5P_zAx9oFHC0vUnw2JFA7B0-jc_R0eRTQtuUUTXEZekI_1CZMOAlzhggADIDRkk4BN4QyOs8XUf1Sq0OB1hyJKMIR8dkaKIaO0paB3mXyYUY7M_E3J8x37wQNV8-Mamq4kNTo3v7PM/s640/NORSE+SCORE_edited-6.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">PAGEVIEWS/WEEK<br />WEEK 7</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="p1">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Stable pageviews, </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> <span style="color: red;">but too low!</span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span class="s3"><b> TOTAL = 280 p.v.</b></span></span><br />
<b><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-size: large;">ONLY 67% OF US HAVE <span style="color: red;">EVEN LOOKED</span> at the <span style="color: magenta;">LOST</span> post!</span></b></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<b><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-size: large;">How can the other 33% of this group tell their family about the accurate history of America if they have not read the </span></b></span><br />
<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://wynlandwest.blogspot.com/2018/10/lost-greenland-viking-colony.html"><span style="color: blue;">LOST GREENLAND VIKINGG COLONY?</span></a></span></b></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span>
</span></b></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-size: large;">We should, at least, have more people, who have looked at the <i>LOST GREENLAND VIKING COLONY,</i> then we have members in American History ORG.</span></b></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br />
</span></b></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-size: large;">We are-- <span style="color: red;">VERY</span> <span style="color: red;">FAST</span>--becoming a smaller drop in the ocean of <span style="color: red;">MYTH</span>.</span></b></span></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;">
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<div class="p3">
<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: large;">________________________</span></span></div>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">For every pair of eyes that
read Aidon’s article, there must be thousands that learn the English <span style="color: red;">MYTH</span>.</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The mill grinding out the <span style="color: red;">MYTH</span> is
relentless. There are over 4,500 universities in North America. They teach the 17th century English MYTH.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Assume a class size of 20, then the Professors are ahead by 90,000 to 280. Only three out of a thousand people will learn about the LOST COLONY.</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">We in American History Org. <a href="https://myronpaine.blogspot.com/2018/11/algonquin-is-old-norse.html"><span style="color: blue;">have been hanging evidence to support Aidon’s article</span></a><span style="color: blue;"> </span>on our wall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But that evidence and Aidon’s article
slip down the wall, out of sight;<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Like
a <span style="color: red;">DROP in the OCEAN.</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">We, here in <a href="https://www.facebook.com/groups/347774129028845/"><span style="color: blue;">American History Org.</span></a><span style="color: blue;"> </span>must be relentless too!!</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Envision yourselves as a <span style="color: magenta;">DRIP</span> falling into
an expanding <span style="color: magenta;">POOL </span><span style="color: magenta;">of knowledge</span>.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">At least once a week tell
someone to read <i><span style="color: magenta;">LENAPE HISTORY, LENAPE LAND,> LENAPE LEARNING
(INDEX)>(HISTORICAL, GREENLAND) LOST COLONY >.</span></i><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">There are 429 of us in
American History Org. today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> If each of </span>us were to read about the </span><span style="font-size: large;">LOST GREENLAND VIKINGS</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">, then the
number opposite LOST in the pictograph above would be at least 429 next Saturday.</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">We had only 13 people read<span style="color: magenta;"> LOST </span>last week.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> We MUST do better than that or</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> Aidon’s clear,
concise, and comprehensive article will drop off the wall <span style="color: red;">i</span><span style="color: red;">nto</span><span style="color: red;"> a </span><span style="color: red;">MYTHICAL
ocean.</span></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> Instead of becoming an expanding pool of more accurate knowledge, the knowledge will be like a <span style="color: red;">DROP in the ocean.</span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: red;">ONCE A WEEK,</span> <span style="color: magenta;">EVERY WEEK,</span> TELL A FRIEND
TO LOOK AT <span style="color: magenta;">LENAPE LAND, > LEARNING, > LOST COLONY.</span><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Our first goal in thUS pool of knowledge is to get over 429 <span style="color: magenta;">LOST</span> viewers each week.</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: 400;">.</span></span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Make your Drips count. </span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></b></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></b></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://wynlandwest.blogspot.com/2018/10/lost-greenland-viking-colony.html"><span style="color: blue;">Tap here to go to LOST GREENLAND VIKING COLONY.</span></a></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Before you hang more evidence on the wall, invite more people to read what is there already.</span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;">__ VIKING and the RED MAN __</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">SHERWIN'S 15,000 OLD NORSE = ALGONQUIN words are an example of accurate knowledge becoming like a DROP in the ocean of MYTH.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">We should expand the number of people, which know that accurate knowledge.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">__AMERICANS SPOKE </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">OLD NORSE__</span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;">.</span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Here are the </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">OLD NORSE =</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">ALGONQUIN links.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://myronpaine.blogspot.com/2018"><span style="color: blue;">EAST or WEST?</span></a></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://./">.</a></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://wynlandwest.blogspot.com/2018/11/viking-and-red-man.html"><span style="color: blue;">The BOOKS</span></a></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://wynlandwest.blogspot.com/2018/11/abebooks.html"><span style="color: blue;">ABEBOOKS</span></a></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://./">.</a></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></span>
</span><span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="https://www.dropbox.com/sh/osjctez49to2hib/AADlFkGwlB75Vibd9cASJvuUa?dl=0"><span style="color: blue;">The DROPBOX</span></a></span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"><b style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></span><br />
<span style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://lenape-epic.blogspot.com/2012/01/lenape-language-is-old-norse.html"><span style="color: blue;">WHERE</span></a></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">To be continued.</span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-55332952325097078222018-10-02T12:02:00.001-07:002019-12-06T14:22:29.807-08:00The LENAPE HISTORY<div class="p_bbndq4tm9 n_bbndq85gk clearfix" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: -1px; zoom: 1;">
<div class="clearfix x_bbndq4vgc" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: -6px; zoom: 1;">
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<div style="font-family: inherit;">
<div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">The LENAPE HISTORY</span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Aidon Aakelas,</span></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: right;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Oct. 1, 2018</span></b></span></div>
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<img border="0" data-original-height="491" data-original-width="654" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvyR3XwJzlpTMrxP5Ky2T__qvrelaoU_MUkM3qDjTK3sRxVMy5DURQ8CfRYZ71Cmaj_8DCVoZroTeEC91Aw9jt8gQMfTwesVdY-0ZtAntm2SSAaKa_lsFhdDpqK-B2_GhhWr6EdF9oVvw/s1600/LenapeEpicFrozenTrailMap.jpg" /><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;">A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE NORSE IN</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>LENAPE LAND</b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;">AD 986-1100</span></b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfg0ZAg9_qgr2FsofCbXEKso_wRNcfa-cbYVE7sTn_nZoINGbUZZkSEOv9KKU5lqTG28-YwzWekGBJspXvLrtQ2xW33wHGolNmfxTJqAd9p6FGtYmyjFO-IuXfgy8gCjsFhhi1XXBV908/s1600/31MoundLand.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="157" data-original-width="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfg0ZAg9_qgr2FsofCbXEKso_wRNcfa-cbYVE7sTn_nZoINGbUZZkSEOv9KKU5lqTG28-YwzWekGBJspXvLrtQ2xW33wHGolNmfxTJqAd9p6FGtYmyjFO-IuXfgy8gCjsFhhi1XXBV908/s1600/31MoundLand.gif" /></a></td></tr>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">When the waves</span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">were calm</span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">in the land they left,</span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">the Lenape lived</span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>together there</span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">in strong</span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">hollow houses</span></i></b></div>
<div class="p1">
<b><i><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>with thick roofs.</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
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<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The fate of the Greenland Viking colony had been an
unsolved enigma for centuries.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">This colony, founded by Eric the Red, who set sail
from Iceland into the North Atlantic in 986 with 25 ships, 14 of which arrived
safely, survived and even for a time, thrived for about 400 years.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">There were three main Greenland Viking settlements,
the larger eastern settlement and the western, (about 200 miles further north)
and the smaller middle settlement. (In good times, during the warmer years from
about 1000 CE to 1260, there is evidence of farmlands reaching all the way along
the coasts from Greenland, south to the Ungava peninsula in Canada).<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQShLaudFy0BzjHMqU49RqMedGKAvgMxSZK-mpzsa3Kj0Z4Pp2faWp818TtuWKtLEZUO4LUggAvUvuiSmKdtWVA37S2JWaPqHZ-8cBwQsVdiIEV7IO6hXUQC2KfLj-WoJd59tGmYBrHzw/s1600/32Freezing.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="130" data-original-width="241" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQShLaudFy0BzjHMqU49RqMedGKAvgMxSZK-mpzsa3Kj0Z4Pp2faWp818TtuWKtLEZUO4LUggAvUvuiSmKdtWVA37S2JWaPqHZ-8cBwQsVdiIEV7IO6hXUQC2KfLj-WoJd59tGmYBrHzw/s1600/32Freezing.gif" /></a></td></tr>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">They lived where it snowed.</span></i></b></div>
<div class="p1">
<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">They lived where it stormed.</span></i></b></div>
<div class="p1">
<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">They lived where</span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">it was always winter.</span></i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
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<b style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The Greenland Vikings effectively established a
miniature version of their original Norwegian homeland.</span></b></div>
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<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">(When recording events, which occurred after 1066, the
year when a large invading Viking army under the command of King Harald
Hardrada of Norway was annihilated by King Harold of England's forces at the
Battle of Stamford Bridge, Vikings are referred to as being Norse).<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">At first, prosperous cattle farms, stone houses with turf
roofs, churches and even a great cathedral to rival those in the larger cities
of Scandinavia, replete with stained glass windows were established.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Trading ships from Norway, Iceland and the Hanseatic
League visited regularly. <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Highly prized narwhal tusks (sold as unicorn horns),
walrus ivory, polar bear, ermine and beaver pelts, eider down, falcons, as well
as walrus and seal hide rope, were traded in return for expensive <o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">accoutrements for their churches and vital iron and
timber.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmPRgbTBFh0Y_AK-fWPbqMLYF0YXEGlnZPXDKqh_g78QyswdjcV5s7HBGSsIsexxo1OVENENH0_C8-bfixvOgpn1dHkymOnainJt4bdVjaN1ENn1OF7zMw7REfG8XDGfzUfQ7CZ1gz33w/s1600/33Dream.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="144" data-original-width="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmPRgbTBFh0Y_AK-fWPbqMLYF0YXEGlnZPXDKqh_g78QyswdjcV5s7HBGSsIsexxo1OVENENH0_C8-bfixvOgpn1dHkymOnainJt4bdVjaN1ENn1OF7zMw7REfG8XDGfzUfQ7CZ1gz33w/s1600/33Dream.gif" /></a></td></tr>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">While still in their cold land</span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">They remembered longingly</span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">the mild weather,</span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">the many deer,</span></i></b></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: small;">and also foxes.</span></i></b></div>
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<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></b></div>
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<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(<i>Norse in Greenland, by Dr. Kathryn Denning)<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://wynlandwest.blogspot.com/2019/09/little-ice-age.html"><span style="color: blue;">Go to LITTLE ICE A</span></a>GE</span></span></b></span></div>
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LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-80062206989161624122018-08-25T10:44:00.004-07:002018-08-25T15:58:20.707-07:00WYNLAND EVIDENCE<style type="text/css">
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<div class="p1">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: #eff1f3;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Steve, you wrote: “<a href="https://wynlandwest.blogspot.com/2014/11/overview-of-viking-waterway-tour.html"><span style="color: blue;">This</span></a> was on the KRS museum home page yesterday, "</span></span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial; background-color: #eff1f3;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div class="p3">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s3"></span></span></div>
<div class="p3">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="s3"></span></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">Good if it was.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">I could not find it.</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">I LINKED <a href="http://www.frozentrail.org/history/Resources/VIKINGWATERWAYMASTER.pdf"><span style="color: blue;">to the old post</span> </a>so that YOU would read it and understand that the Norse evidence includes:</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>1. the Wynland</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> Waterway + the boat</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> sites </span></i></b></span><b style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">you</span></i></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<b style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> found.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(p. 2)</span></span></i></b><br />
<b style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></span></i></b>
<b style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"><i><span class="Apple-converted-space"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"> </span></span></i></b><br />
<span style="background-color: #eff1f3; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="font-size: x-large; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">2. the listing of the</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> major histories</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> that converge in</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> Minnesota, </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(p. 3)</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><span style="background-color: #eff1f3; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: xx-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> 3. the evidence that</span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> the Americans</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> were </span></i></b></span><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">speaking </span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> Norse. </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(p. 4)</span></span></i></b><br />
<span style="background-color: #eff1f3; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> 4</span>. the fact that the</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> KRS was on the</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> route<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></b></span><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">of the</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;"> LENAPE </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-size: large;">MIGRATION,</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"> (p. 6)</span></span></i></b><br />
<span style="background-color: #eff1f3; color: white; font-family: "helvetica neue"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> 5</span>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>there was a</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> documented</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> order for a</span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>rescue mission</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> to save the</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> LENAPE. </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(p. 8)</span></span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></span></i></b></span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> 6</span>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>the Waterway</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> terrain has </span></i></b></span><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">been</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> modified by men.</span></i></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> T</span>he </span><span style="font-size: large;">modifications</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> required more</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> men </span></i></b></span><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">than a few</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> boat loads of</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> Norse could</span></i></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>supply.</span></i></b></span><span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Therefore, the</span></i></b></span><span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> best </span></i></b></span><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">hypothesis</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> is </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">that the labor</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> might </span></i></b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>have </b></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b> happened during</b></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b> the 1000 years </b></span></i><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">of</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> the </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">copper</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> haulers </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">era. </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-small;">(pp 10-11)</span></span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></i></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> 7</span>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>the reason</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> Minnesota is </span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> KEY is </span></i></b></span><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">the land</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> between </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Moorehead</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> and </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">Minneapolis</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> (both Norse</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> names) is </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">an</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> elevated table</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> land. </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(p. 12)</span></span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;"><br /></span></span></i></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> 8</span>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Norse used</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> rowboats with</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> crews </span></i></b></span><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">of about</span></i></b><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> sixteen men. </span><span style="color: magenta; font-size: xx-small;">(p. 13)</span></i></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="p2">
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> 9</span>. The WYNLAND</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> WATERWAY</span></i></b></span><br />
<span class="s3"><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> has this </span></i></b></span><br />
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> evidence:</span></i></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<br />
<ul>
<li><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"> a series of harbors (Holand, 1928)</span></i></b></li>
<li><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">mooring stones in every harbor. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></i></b></li>
<li><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">portages from Stinking Lake to</span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Stake lake (for man carried loads.)</span></i></b></li>
<li><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space">a</span> straight channel in Stinking Lake.</span></i></b></li>
<li><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">ramps for boat lifts into Park Lake.</span></i></b></li>
<li><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">relatively flat portage between Park </span></i></b><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">Lake and Stake Lake.</span></i></b></li>
<li><b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">jetties in Stakke Lake,</span></i></b></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>dam for Stakke Lake,</i></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Easy portage into Cromonant lake,</i></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>mooring stone at "ten men dead" location.</i></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>the straight cut to combine Pelican Lake flows.</i></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>the man-modified Pelican River,</i></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>rapid by-passes,</i></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>the pull up-river at Fergus falls,</i></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>going over the embankment and the continental divideat Fergus Falls,</i></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i> portage into water at a higher elevation at Pomme de Terr river,</i></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>relatively flat portage between Pomme de Terre and Chippewa Rivers,</i></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>harbor and mooring stone #7 for portage to Alexander Lake,</i></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>, Alexander Lake to enable transport by water for 17 miles,</i></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>the boat pull near Kensington, </i></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>the water way from the Alexander dam to the Mississippi at Sauk Center.</i></b></span></li>
</ul>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">The OTHER STONE</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Appendix 2</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">The Ten Mates Dead Episode</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">(A photo of a stone)</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">The photo shows a very special stone. A toutist on the VIKINGS WATERWAY TOUR followed up on rumors he heard playing golf. This was the grave marker stone of the TEN MATES DEAD episode of 1361.</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">The tourist was able to trace when and wherre the stone was found, who owned it since, and where it was moved. He found a newspaper story.</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Years earlier a women, who was knowledgeable of the Kensington episode, had seen the story and traced the grave marker to the owners, who want to be anonymous. They took pictures for the woman, who shared this one.</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">So the VIKING WATERWAY file is important. The text and pictures describe the copper haulers route the Norse followed to settle North America for six centuries before the English invaded. </span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Appendix 2 shows a rare stone that marked the graves of the TEN MATES who were beaten to death in 1361.</span></b></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div>
<div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span></div>
</div>
<br />LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-25446578317890291832018-07-27T09:20:00.001-07:002018-07-27T09:43:31.752-07:00Kimal<br />
<div class="page" title="Page 1">
<div class="layoutArea">
<div class="column">
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBzyg9P97Js-BJewXhCq_zIFmbi9Au_Yj-BgVIDQNxhcNVPtoOXYzQe64AeyYRn-SwD3Bx3gLAJTA0cmttq0B3nFI5JXtzipkW8hzwAUmwGCs_qLi7AgT__kPza53OJdK6sPE7bgPcBMo/s1600/Kimal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1435" data-original-width="526" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBzyg9P97Js-BJewXhCq_zIFmbi9Au_Yj-BgVIDQNxhcNVPtoOXYzQe64AeyYRn-SwD3Bx3gLAJTA0cmttq0B3nFI5JXtzipkW8hzwAUmwGCs_qLi7AgT__kPza53OJdK6sPE7bgPcBMo/s640/Kimal.jpg" width="234" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">KIMAL<br />
(Big Picture)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt";"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The Norse used a handheld device, 4.7 inches
long by an inch wide, to determine latitude.
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt";"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">The Arabs called similar devices "Al
Kemal." The Norse may have called
their device simply a "Ki mal.,” meaning
“Big</span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"> P</span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">icture.” </span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">The Kimal was more
precise and versatile than the Al-Kemal,
which could only determine one preset
latitude. (Slaughter, 1957)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">The height of the North Star above the
horizon varies with the latitude of the
viewer. To measure the North Star’s
height the viewer held a Kimal tethered
to his head by two necklaces, which
established a set distance from his
eyeball. The angle seen from the eye to
the Kimal is the same angle from the
eye to the distant horizon and the North
Star.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">The viewer rapidly scanned along the<br />
horizon until he saw the North Star in the<br />
slit. Then he lowered the Kimal until the<br />
North Star peeped through the hole. He<br />
moved a slender needle onto the notches until the needle looked as if it was on the horizon, which could be seen behind the Kimal. Then he clamped the needle with his thumb. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">While holding the needle in place, he could move to
a lamp to make an accurate count of the notches.
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">One necklace was secured to the top of the Kimal.
During the day, the Kimal hung around the viewer’s
neck like a pendant.
</span></div>
<div class="column">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">The second necklace just hung loose around the
neck.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">When the Kimal was being used, the second
necklace was slipped up around the
center prong of the three pronged base. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">The two necklaces were tied together at
a point determined</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">by stretching the </span><span style="font-family: times, "times new roman", serif; font-size: x-large;">necklaces away from the Kimal.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">This Kimal was calibrated by
adjusting the necklaces so that the
distance from the star hole to the
bottom of the solid crosspiece was the
same as the distance as from the Kimal
to the eyeball.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">Known measurements
on the ship's deck and main spar created
an equal sided triangle to verify that the
Kimal was in calibration for 45 degrees
latitude.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">The exact latitude, in degrees,
was not always needed. The correct
Kimal notch required to row a boat at a given
latitude was easier to remember and
simpler to determine.
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">The Kimal illustrated to the left
indicates that the ship is south of 45
degrees latitude. The Captain will
adjust course to the north. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">By taking
repeated measurements with the Kimal, </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">the boat will eventually arrive within 15 miles,
north or south, of Nova Scotia.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">The ancient, real, Kimal is now in the British
Museum and is shown in the Beothuk chapter of the
<span style="font-style: italic;">Handbook of North American Indians, </span>Vol. 15, p.
104, fig. 5, left.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">(If .edu professors would admit that the Americans were speaking Norse, then they could look up "Beothuk" in Reider T. Sherwin's eight volumes of the VIKING and the RED MAN, <span style="color: magenta;">"the Norse origin of the Algonquin Language."</span> Then they may conclude, as I have, that "Beothuk," means "row directly."</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "timesnewromanpsmt"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">Makes sense to me. A captain with a Kimal could direct </span><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">his crew to row directly to modern Nova Scoctia.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">If you ".edu" professors continue to teach that <span style="color: red;">"no artifacts were left in America by people from the east side of the Atlantic, before Columbus," </span>well--then you are robbing your students of the knowledge that men in crew-rowed boats could--and did-- row across the Atlantic and arrive within +/- 15 miles of the aiming spot on Beotnuk land.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">GUT CHECK</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;">Do you REALLY believe crew rowed boats of the SEA PEOPLE DID NOT row to Beothuk land?</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: x-large;"><br /></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-21318902273412185172018-01-13T14:46:00.003-08:002021-03-06T11:04:11.988-08:00DIKE at ALEXANDER, MINNESOTA<div class="p2">
<span style="font-size: large;">Long, long, long, long ago there was a big lake in Minnesota. </span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The big lake was teaming with boats, men, food, fauna, fur, and females. The older men, who had rowed on the waters from the Mediterranean said the place reminded them of "Alexander."</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div>
<span style="color: white; font-size: large;">.</span><br />
<div class="p4">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf-bif7DJt1QpO5suEQ0Da7we1kCmsOCKBA5Nhqgbc6sNnIAGnjiST8sDcNQQ3kNOhYKeGPv1J8GT5U8Kylnx2M05ZC1kthE_7OtZdhyphenhyphen9NuojXHyEHRqv0EhS_jxfM4Xt_qHG_M0D9-KQ/s1600/ALEXANDRIA.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="432" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjf-bif7DJt1QpO5suEQ0Da7we1kCmsOCKBA5Nhqgbc6sNnIAGnjiST8sDcNQQ3kNOhYKeGPv1J8GT5U8Kylnx2M05ZC1kthE_7OtZdhyphenhyphen9NuojXHyEHRqv0EhS_jxfM4Xt_qHG_M0D9-KQ/s1600/ALEXANDRIA.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Dikes </b><b>at Alexander Lake</b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;">This is the Alexander, Minnesota area showing the Dikes on the south side of what used be, 3,700 years ago, the Alexander Lake.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">As large bodies of water go, the lake was relatively shallow. Dikes were required to be only 30 feet in elevation.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">But the large lake surrounded by the low elevation of the dikes enabled the Copper Haulers to move supplies many miles over water by boats rather than carry the burden on their backs.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8E1W_Ugttlcz8JjG0bB0KJmopCqNkhzZBZm6xdg_IYpFFu-aDavoJNskkYZSbtE5-nb-_R9dN2RiG2bliXNgL4qUdMYcxCzGJNauWWkHVsi3UHtW7f-nbz6M5dFwhfYgIhyphenhyphenAN-acgBOg/s1600/dikesatalexanderlake.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8E1W_Ugttlcz8JjG0bB0KJmopCqNkhzZBZm6xdg_IYpFFu-aDavoJNskkYZSbtE5-nb-_R9dN2RiG2bliXNgL4qUdMYcxCzGJNauWWkHVsi3UHtW7f-nbz6M5dFwhfYgIhyphenhyphenAN-acgBOg/s1600/dikesatalexanderlake.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 28.8px; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Contour map,</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"> Lake of Alexander MN.</span></b><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small; text-align: start;">.</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">The DAM that created the lake is located out of the picture to the northeast. These red dots outline the dike area that will be shown in detail later. Notice the narrow configuration of the earth mounds and the consistent line of those mounds from East to West. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />There is not any visible water course that would have created these mounds. So a good assumption is that these dikes were man made</span>.</td></tr>
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<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;">The important elevation appears to be 1,400 feet. That elevation can be seen near the top of the dike in the center.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">West of the dikes (around Salem Ch.) the ground exhibits a pattern that may have been caused by ice and water erosions, which, maybe, took place for ten or more centuries.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">If the DAM site was choked with ice, the expanding lake ice driven by the north wind may have pushed over a weak section of dikes.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Then the "break out" may have happened. That repeated erosion of the following centuries might have removed most of the traces of dikes.</span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;">Significantly, just west of the Salem Ch. the ground rises rapidly to more than 1,400 feet.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">My pencil was resting on that point, while I was asking, "If this area to the east was a lake, what held the water from flowing to the southwest?</span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: white;">.</span><span style="color: white;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Only THEN, did I recognize the dikes on the other side of a long gap, where erosion took the earth away.</span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;">The 1,350 elevation line may indicate the base of dikes, which may have been 50 feet higher nearly four millennium ago.</span></div>
<div class="p2">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div class="p1">
<span style="font-size: large;">Alexandria Lake did exist!!</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Some of the DIKE still exists!!</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Alexandria Lake was man-modified to make a lake surface of about 1,400 feet. The thousands of men, who pulled their hundreds of boats to an elevation of 1,400 feet, were there to haul copper to Europe.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Their winter resting place at Maya was a long float downstream after a few portages at the start.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div>
<span style="color: white; font-size: large;">.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGcCtVDbH9D7n9rfbv5P7vY0Qgl1tnuTJ4Fbr1ZtZiRA-ZvreXmdbAYWlQ_6klhzIdmt_WuqD-ilbLEW8_sZo3tA2vrn2GYkBN_-7H42fZL0s3uxeSvG_8zfCctoN7OsgmFjR9MeCNuNg/s1600/DSC_0761.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGcCtVDbH9D7n9rfbv5P7vY0Qgl1tnuTJ4Fbr1ZtZiRA-ZvreXmdbAYWlQ_6klhzIdmt_WuqD-ilbLEW8_sZo3tA2vrn2GYkBN_-7H42fZL0s3uxeSvG_8zfCctoN7OsgmFjR9MeCNuNg/s1600/DSC_0761.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 28.8px;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Dikes at Alexander Lake</span></b><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b><b>The bus was approaching Runestone park from the southwest.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Robin took this picture through the front window of the tour bus. </b><b></b></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><b><span style="font-size: large;">If you look close, you can see the dikes. Their elevation is shown by the light spots--the sky beyond the dikes-- through the trees.</span></b></div>
<div class="p2">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAgpJDgVgv4h700jrDGguxSljQY6fRsubFrlymyqdq5Eyz815Y3nKRhn2eNieRSnogXXUwS8KmJRonyonnZy7JxGESvaxBeF8GcjIaseVtmpVLvYNqZxWPFgJU0_IzPubtED5_Iwvrs1A/s1600/alexanderlakedikes.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAgpJDgVgv4h700jrDGguxSljQY6fRsubFrlymyqdq5Eyz815Y3nKRhn2eNieRSnogXXUwS8KmJRonyonnZy7JxGESvaxBeF8GcjIaseVtmpVLvYNqZxWPFgJU0_IzPubtED5_Iwvrs1A/s1600/alexanderlakedikes.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 28.8px;"><div class="p1" style="font-size: medium; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">Dikes at Alexander Lake</span></b><br />
<b style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">with line showing elevation</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">The white line on the right and the red line on the left indicate the top of the dikes.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: large;">.</span></div>
</div>
<div class="p2" style="font-size: medium; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">After months of planning, I had a growing anticipation to find <b>REAL</b> evidence at that spot. But we were running behind schedule. I did not know what Robin was doing. I thought I had blown the most important scene. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">But <b>LOOK!</b></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><b>You can see dikes made about 3,700 years ago by men, who came to America to haul the pure copper back to the Mediterranean so guys like Goliath could wear a copper breastplate and a bronze helmet.</b></span></i></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRBIj06Tp3bUDGxMtdMxUldKeFSmZo8BfOozsF_gDgTNAEKMCG7MLqCt7Ic8Jm2Cbecdf5nwKM3AEhwAuXDaayVi7jaDaooXcm_HJqUBVbbur4dWQ3d6_ES3NggJCQoEWE-NKjd0uzYVc/s1600/alexanderlake%22ladder%22.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRBIj06Tp3bUDGxMtdMxUldKeFSmZo8BfOozsF_gDgTNAEKMCG7MLqCt7Ic8Jm2Cbecdf5nwKM3AEhwAuXDaayVi7jaDaooXcm_HJqUBVbbur4dWQ3d6_ES3NggJCQoEWE-NKjd0uzYVc/s1600/alexanderlake%22ladder%22.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 28.8px;"><div class="p1" style="font-size: medium; text-align: start;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">An image of the water "ladder."</span></b><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small; text-align: start;">.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">The black line indicates the probable path, over which the men pulled empty boats floating on a shallow stream of water. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">The guys had pulled boats upstream on flowing water many times since they started up the Nelson River a year before. Now they had pulled their boat into a lake with a surface about 1400 feet above sea level. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">From here to Maya, the water flowed downstream. After a night or two of R&R, they rowed west to pick up a load of incoming supplies. Then they rowed east, slithered down the spillway, and rowed their boats on water flowing east to the Mississippi </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">(Mighty Flowing </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Water)</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">. Then they floated down the Mississippi to sit and lie at that little campgroumd (Minneapolis). Then they floated down the father of waters, the MISSISSIPPI, to the warm spot they called MAYA (My Place).</span></div>
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LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-47434160599067258502017-03-06T10:05:00.002-08:002018-07-09T14:44:02.751-07:00ROWBOAT to MERICAT<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCLtbPUgF6yqRo_LOW8hHpKsgkJf0bDxq99xGsmc8oA1K7rJK7uM3OCiVwwA8a-4HH1Frwonv5LU-hPpPP9tLmXd5loYw2I4ZTCIVUpwt6yto30nS0_uWN3yE0bM3vmP_WCASO6jKcQac/s1600/Moragsoorm_edited-1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="color: blue;"><img border="0" height="405" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCLtbPUgF6yqRo_LOW8hHpKsgkJf0bDxq99xGsmc8oA1K7rJK7uM3OCiVwwA8a-4HH1Frwonv5LU-hPpPP9tLmXd5loYw2I4ZTCIVUpwt6yto30nS0_uWN3yE0bM3vmP_WCASO6jKcQac/s640/Moragsoorm_edited-1.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2012/09/lenape-history-started-in-greeland.html"><span style="color: blue;">ROWBOAT to MERICA</span></a></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">MER RICKA = OCEAN LANDS.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">NOTICE: the oars appear to be out of sync. But if the crew is rowing up-river, it is best to keep one set of oars in the water at all times.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Normally, the sail would have been lowered onto the brackets. The fore Bracket is just in front of the man in white.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">This is a twenty oar craft. The front six oar slots are for people, who want to ride along. They were expected to bring their own oar. If no oar men used the slots the boat could carry more cargo.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">The image of a Christian Traveler is appropriate. The Catholics, who spoke Norse, standing on the shore knew Genesis and may have known more from the bishops, who had passed through before.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">A Jesuit Bishop said to new priests, "You may do nearly anything you want to their land, but do NOT damage the waterways."</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">The bishop also said, "They will take you where ever you want, but it you pick up a paddle and start to use it, be sure you can paddle until sunset."</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Americans had wheels for the toys of the kids. But they did not use wheels for travel. When we think about it, wheels and the axels caused a pain in the ass. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
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LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-39203789780849189342017-02-03T09:27:00.002-08:002017-04-21T14:07:51.171-07:00BOOKS on NORSE in AMERICA before COLUMBUS<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">BOOK LIST</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">for INFORMATION on</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">CATHOLICS, </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">WHO SPOKE NORSE</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Here is a select list with comments to help guide your selection. I suggest you read them in order if you can. I find some of these books are so low priced that it is easier to buy than to wait for interlibrary loan.</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>GOGGLE ABEbooks for</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>more description.</b></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><span style="color: magenta; font-family: "helvetica";"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The list is organized</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> by date, </b></span></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: small;">with the oldest first,</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: medium;"> </span></span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: small;">then</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> author </span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: small;">and</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: medium;"> title.</span></span></b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;">This list is evidence of a </span><b style="font-size: x-large;">systematic</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b style="font-size: x-large;">suppression</b></span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"> by </span><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">omission,</b><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"> which was started about AD 1610 by the English Protestants and is now entrenched in North American school curriculums.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;">Most of the information in these books is <b><i>NOT</i></b> studied by the kids in school.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: large;">Academic professors </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>could</b> have, sh<b>ould</b> have, made these books required reading for most Early American history courses. </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">The 1,000 year-old LENAPE History is available on line at <a href="http://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2012/09/lenape-used-boats.html"><span style="color: blue;">LENAPE LAND</span></a>.</b><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: bold;">1070 </span></span><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;">Adam DE BREMEN,</span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;">Descriptio Insularum Aquilonis, (quoted in Olsen and Bourne, The Northmen, Columbus, and Cabot, 1906)</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>De Bremen describes the "Ocean discovered by many," the Christian Sea and the "self seeding grain." Both clues have been ignored, perhaps deliberately, for nine centuries.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>1643</b></i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>Roger Williams</b></span><br />
<a href="https://www.amazon.com/into-Language-America-Roger-Williams/dp/1557094640/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1492465567&sr=1-1&keywords=The+Key+to+the+American+Language+Roger+Williams"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>The Key to the American Language</b></span></a><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>Williams changed the English and the American political environments with this book. But apparently the political suppressors edited the words "Catholic" and "Norse" out of his text. </b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>But the suppressors left the paragraphs where Williams and the Governor of New York agreed that the Americans spoke the same language as the people in Iceland.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>[American students are NOT taught about those paragraphs.]</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">1885</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>Danial G.</b></span><b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;">BRINTON</span><span style="font-size: medium;">,</span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">The Lenape’ and their Legends,</b><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;"> Philadelphia.</b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>The book includes the original pictographs and stanzas of the LENAPE HISTORY.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>Brinton was sure he has saved an important history.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>But he did not quite understand that the language is Norse.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: xx-large;">1891 </b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="font-family: helvetica;">Eben Norton </b><b style="font-family: helvetica;">HORSFORD</b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: x-large;">Norse Discovery of America,</b><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: x-large;"> Boston, MA</b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>A description of Norse artifacts in the Boston area. Horsford found the scattered stones of a Catholic Church, which was destroyed by the English in AD 1612.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: xx-large;"><span style="font-size: large;">1909</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><b><span style="font-size: large;">R. A. DOUGLAS-LITHGOW</span></b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;">Native American Place Names of Massachusetts, </span><span style="font-size: medium;">Applewood Books, Bedford, MA.</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>Douglas-Lithgow lists the place names of Massachusetts, which are Norse. </b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>The "setts" sylable confirms the Norse Heritage.</b></i></span><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">1940</span></b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: x-large;">Reider T. Sherwin</b><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: x-large;">The Viking and The Red Man, </b><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "times"; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">.</span></b> <b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: x-large;">Vols. 1-2, Funk & Wagnalls Co., NY, </b><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: x-large;">Vols 3-8 private printing.</b><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: x-large;"> Eight Volumes, in 1940-42-44-46-48-50-53-56</b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>Sherwin compiled 15,000 LENAPE=NORSE words, which are evidence that the language of most Americans was Norse.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>[These volumes, which should have been filed in the linguistic section of libraries were cleverly "hidden" in the little visited "dictionary" section.]</b></i></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;"><b>.</b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: xx-large;"><br /></b>
<b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: xx-large;">1941</b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Karl N. </b></span><b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">LLEWELLYN,</span></b><b style="font-family: helvetica;"> </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="font-family: helvetica;">and E. Adamson </b><b style="font-family: helvetica;">Hoebel,</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "times"; font-weight: normal;">.</span></b> <b style="font-family: helvetica;">The Cheyenne Way, </b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: x-large;">U of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK.</b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>This book concludes that the Cheyenne law code was similar to the Iceland Law code.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1942</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>HAUGEN, Einar</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i>Voyages to Vinland, Alfred A. Knopf, NY.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>Einar was one of the first to suggest that the missing Greenlanders migrated to America.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><i><b>1945</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>WILLISON, George E.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i> </i><b>Saints and Strangers,<i> </i></b>Rynel & Hitchcock, New York, NY</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>The book is about the Pilgrims, but some episodes are best explained if the people they met in America were Catholics, who spoke Norse. For example, in the first meeting the Pilgrims saw “crosses and other antiques” on the bare chests of the men.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1948</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>ROUSSEAU, Jacques</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;">“By Canoe Across the Ungava Peninsula via the Kogaluk and Payne Rivers," Arctic, Montreal</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>The book about this adventure describes the best route the Catholics, who spoke Norse from Greenland took to get to James Bay, which was their main food supply for many years.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1949</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>REMAN, Edward</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;">The Norse Discoveries and Explorations in America,<i> </i>University of California Press, Berkley.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>This is another early author who suggested that the Greenlanders migrated to America. Some of the Greenland artifacts he discussed, like the rectangle pots, can be seen in new England museums today.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1952</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>MOWAT, Farley</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;">People of the Deer, Little, Brown, and Co., Boston.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>This book describes a culture that could have had a better living situation in the past, but which has retrogressed have living in the cold land for four centuries.</b></i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>1957</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i>GALBRAITH, John S.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;">The Hudson's Bay Company as an Imperial factor, 1824-1869, University of California Press</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>This book discusses the Hudson Bay exploitation as an empire. Careful reading enables the reader ti understand the exploitation of the Catholics, who spoke Norse.</b></i></span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">1958</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b style="font-family: helvetica;">Hjalmar R. </b><b style="font-family: helvetica;">HOLAND,</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "times"; font-weight: normal;">.</span></b></span> <b style="font-family: helvetica;"> Explorations in America Before Columbus,</b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: x-large;">Twayne Publishers, Inc., NY.</b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>Holand did competent research on the Kensignton Run Stone and the Newport tower, which was a 14th century Catholic Church.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b><br /></b></i></span>
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">1959</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>JRAD = JESUITS, Letters From Missions</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, St. Martin’s Press, NY.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>One of the first episodes in the Jesuit Relations is a description of how the Catholics, who spoke Norse, adapted to French Catholicism. The Jesuits enjoyed a high “conversion” rate among Catholics, who spoke Norse.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span>
<b><i><span style="font-size: x-large;">1962</span></i></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>HYDE, George E.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Indians of the Woodlands, from Prehistoric Times to 1725, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Hyde was the only known historian, who treated the MAALAN AARUM as a history. His comment about the five tribes who said their ancestors came from “a cold, snowy country” opened the pathway to understandings of the Catholics, who spoke Norse.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span>
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">1963</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>BOLAND, Charles Michael</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>They All Discovered America, Pocket Books, Inc., NY</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b></b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Borland discussed more than enough data to prove the PRISTINE WILDERNESS paradigm was a myth. Now, 40 years later, the evidence appears to be that books can still be ignored and false paradigms in every body’s head will persevere.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span>
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">1964</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>OLESON, Tryggvi J.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Early Voyages and Northern Approaches, 1000 - 1632, McClelland and Stewart Ltd.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Another book by Norwegian authors, most of whom hypothesized that the Greenland Catholics, who spoke Norse migrated to America.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span>
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">1964</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>SAUM, Lewis O.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>The Fur Trader and the Indian, University of Washington Press, Seattle</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>Saum wrote on traditions in many tribes. He chose the women of the North East as the best women in North America.</i></b></span><br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">1964</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>J. Kr. Tornoe</b></span><br />
<b style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(17, 17, 17); background-color: white; font-family: Arial;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Early-American-History-Norsemen-Columbus/dp/B0014SRFKA/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1492467488&sr=1-2&keywords=Tornoe" style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(17, 17, 17); background-color: white; font-family: Arial;">Early American History: Norsemen Before Columbus</a></span></b><br />
<b>T<span style="font-size: large;"><i>ornoe wrote about the Norsemen, who came before Columbus, but his editors made him take sections out of the manuscript. [This episode is illustration of suppression by perseverance of a false paradigm in everybody's head.]</i></span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>1965</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>J. Kr. Tornoe</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Columbus in the Arctic? </b></span><b style="font-size: xx-large;">Oslo,</b><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><i><b>So Tornoe self-published the parts of th text left out. His report of the voyages of Columbus in Norse boats rowed to America in 1472.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;"><i><b>.</b></i></span><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: x-large;">1965 </span></span></b></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: large;">Farley </span></span></b></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: large;">Mowat,</span></span></b></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;">Westviking,</span></i></span></b></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>Mowat described, accurately the migration of peoples from the east side of the Atlantic to America.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">1966</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><b><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Magnus </span></b></span><b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Magnusson,</span></b><b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> and</span></b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Herman Palsson</span><span style="font-size: xx-small;">,</span></span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "times"; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></b> <b style="font-family: helvetica;"><i style="font-size: x-large;">The Viking Sagas</i></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>Magnusson and Palsson translate the Iceland Sagas. The Sagas describe people on the American Shore, who used European warfare techology.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
</div>
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: medium;"><b></b></span><span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">1966</span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;">Charles H. </span></b><b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;">HAPGOOD</span><span style="font-size: medium;">,</span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "times"; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></b> <span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings, </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>Chilton Co., Philadelphia.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>The Lok MAP in this remarkable book is evidence that the English knew that the Norse had discovered America first. </b></i></span><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" />1966</span></span></b></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: large;">Ingstad Helge</span><span style="font-size: medium;">,</span></span></b></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "times"; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></span></b></b> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">LAND UNDER the POLE STAR</i></span></b></b><br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><i>Helge wrote a competent compilation of Greenland History. [That knowledge enabled me to recognize the LENAPE HISTORY.]</i></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1966</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>Thomas E. </b></span><b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;">LEE,</span></b><b style="font-family: helvetica;"> </b><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: xx-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "times"; font-size: xx-small; font-weight: normal;">.</span></b> <span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>Archaeological </b><b>Discoveries, Payne Bay Region, Ungava, University Lavel, Quebec, Canada.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>Lee discovered three skulls that were determined to be European. [For that discovery, Lee was removed from the Canadian Archaeology Society.]</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b><br /></b></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1968</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>SILVERBERG, Robert</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>Mound Builders of Ancient America, New York Graphic Society</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b></b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>The Mound Builders Society was part of the copper haulers episode. The author Silverberg showed his frustration with the paradigm of the Archaeological profession, which was following William Powell’s dictation that the mounds were built by “Native” Americans only.</i></b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"></span><span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">1970</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>THOMAS E. LEE</b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">Archaeological Investigations of a Longhouse, Pamiok Island. Ungava, University Lavel, Quebec, Canada.</b><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;"><i>Lee was still waiting to see if the skulls were European. He finished his report thinking he would get high recognition. He was released from the University.</i></b><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;"><i><br /></i></b>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1971</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>UNDERHILL, Ruth M.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b> Red Man’s America, University of Chicago Press, Chicago</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"></span></i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>Underhill described the tools, clothing, and traditions of the Catholics, who spoke Norse. She has passages on ahelters that could be used to describe Finland shelters. She did not suspect she was describing Catholics.</i></b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">1972</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><b><span style="font-size: xx-small;">James Robert </span></b></span><b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Enterline,</span></b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica;"><i style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "times"; font-size: xx-small; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">.</span></i></b> <b style="font-family: helvetica;"><i style="font-size: x-large;">Viking</i></b><span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><b><i> <span style="font-size: large;">America</span></i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><i><span style="font-size: large;">Enterline made the only intelligent hypothesis of where Leif Ericsson was in America. Most other authors have presented similar data, which the supports the hypothesis.</span></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><i><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1972</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>VOGEL, Vigil J.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>This Country was Ours, Rarper & Row, Publishers, NY</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>Vogel described the reason why he thought this country belonged to the Catholics, who spoke Norse. In particular he explained how our govenment was form on Catholic examples. [The LENAPE history has the same paradigm.]</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;">1972 </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>WEILAGER, Clinton A.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>The Delaware Indians, A History, Rutgers University Press.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>The English forced the DELAWARE to take that name. But the LENAPE people in the Delaware tribe,, remembered their pictograph and self-verifying stanzas. This was the history that Hyde used. This was the history that Paine used.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1973</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>STROMSTED, Astri A.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>Ancient Pioneers, Early Connections.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>Stromsted advocated the hypothesis that the 4,000 Catholics, who spoke norse, migrated to America. She advocated the Viking and the Red Man and the validity of the LENAPE history. Without Astri, the history of the Catholics, who spoke Norse would still be suppressed.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><i><b><span style="font-size: large;"></span></b></i></span><br />
<br /></div>
<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">1976</span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-size: large;">Barry </span></b><b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;">FELL</span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">America BC,</b><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;"> Demeter Press, NY</b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>Fell knew ancient European alphabets. He used them to make astute deductions that have stood the test of time. [Very little of this knowledge appears in textbooks.]</b></i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b><br /></b></i></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>1976</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b></b></i></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: large;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><b><i><span style="font-size: large;">Jennings, </span>FRANCIS</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>The Invasion of America: Indians, Colonialism, and the Cant of Conquest <i>(Norton Library)</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>Jennings was an excellent scholar. He collected his data with diligence. He wrote about that data with wisdom. He made his conclusions based on the data. He got a Ph. D.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>But he NEVER got a job as a historian in an university.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>He had written that the "English never saw a savage. They made them." </i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>Jennings, for all his time in academia, did not realize that suppression by omission was still active four centuries after the savages were made.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b><br /></b></i></span></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>1976</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>RICHARDSON, Boyce</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>Strangers devour the land, New York: Knopf: distributed by Random House.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>Richardson gives a compelling story of modern people living in the forests of Quebec. The story explains much about how Catholics, who spoke Norse, could have lived there four centuries ago.</i></b></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>1978</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>TRIGGER, Bruce G.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b> Handbook of American Indians Vol. 15 Northeast, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i></i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>Vol. 15 of the Handbook of American Indians describes many of the tribes that were originally Catholics, who spoke Norse.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b></b></span><span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1982</b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;">BARRY FELL </span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b> <span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>Bronze Age America, Little, Brown & Co., Boston MA</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>Fell describes the copper haulers in America. These copper haulers carried a BILLION pounds of copper from Lake Superior to Europe. [The majority of educated people have never heard of the Copper Haulers.]</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><i><b>1982</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>PLUMET, Patrick</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>“De Maisons Longues Dorsetiennies De L’Ungava," Geographic Physique et Quaternaire, Vol. XXXVI.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>1985 Archeologie of L’Ungava: Le Site De La Pointe Aux Belougas et1976</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>Montreal.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>See description under 1994 report.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1988 </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>WEATHERFORD, Jack</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>1988 Indian Givers, Crown Publishers, Inc </b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>Weatherford described many things that the Catholics, who spoke Norse have given to America.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1986</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i>KOPPER, Phillip</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i>The Smithsonian Book of North American Indians, Smithsonian Books, Washington DC.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>The data and the pictures describe the Catholics, who spoke Norse, but you will not find either “Catholic” or “Norse” words in the text.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1994 </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i>MEDICINE STORY, Manitonquat</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i> The Children of the Morning Light, Macmillian Publishing Co</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i>Now in print as “<b>Wapanough</b> <b>Morning</b>.”.</i></span><br />
<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i>The Wapanough </i></span><i style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;">(white people) story begins in the “City under the City.” which is in Turkey and describes the Northern route to America. The segment from the “abundance of Rivers” (James Bay, Canada) to Connecticut explains the route that White Beaver and his band of Catholics might have taken. The LENAPE could have arrived in Connecticut three centuries before the Pilgrims did.</i></b><br />
<b><i style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;"><br /></i></b>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">1994</span></b></span><br />
<i style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;"><b>PLUMET, Patrick</b></i><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>La Paleoesquimax dans La Baie du Diana, Canadian Museum of Civilization</b></span><i style="font-size: x-large;">.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>PLUMET was financed by the Canadian Government to prove that Thomas E. Lee’s reports were not valid.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>Plumet had a helicopter and graduate students. [Lee had a motorized canoe.] Much of Plumet’s forward discussed the poor research that Lee had done. Inside the report, the data presented by the graduate students supported Lee’s conclusions and extended the carbon dating to the fifth century. This report is an outstanding example of a researcher profoundly distorting history to gain satisfaction for perceived wrongs. Plumet, a white man, was scolded by Lee, who looked like a Catholic, whose ancestors spoke Norse, because Plumet moved a Norse ax out of context.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><br /></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>1997 </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i>SEAVER, Kirsten A</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>The Frozen Echo, Greenland the Exploration of North America, Stanford University Press</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i>The Frozen Echo, Greenland the Exploration of North America, Stanford University Press</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>Seaver shows the data, but strongly supports orthodox conclusions. The conflict reveals the data being ignored. [i.e. the sailing route from Greenland goes past Hudson Strait. Norse Axes have been found on the north, west, and south sides of Hudson Bay.]</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b><br /></b></i></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1998</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>GILMORE, Donald Y. and McElroy, Linda S., Ed.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>Across Before Columbus, NEARA Pub, Edgecomb, Maine.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i> Carlson, Susan D. “The "Decipherment of American Runestones."</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i> Key, Mary Richie, “American Indian Languages before Columbus,”</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b></b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i><b>This is a book worth studying many times. Key, discusses language evolution and explains why Reider T. Sherwin grouped words the way he did. Key did NOT know about Sherwin and vice versa. Which implies that understanding of language evolution was valid for both linguist.</b></i></span><br />
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;"><i>.</i></span><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;">1998</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;">Farley Mowat,</span></b><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><span style="color: white; font-family: "times"; font-weight: normal;">.</span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Wayfarers</i>,</span></b><br />
<i style="font-family: helvetica;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Mowat starts in Asia Minor and traces the route of the copper haulers to America.</span></b></i><br />
<i style="font-family: helvetica;"><b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></i>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b>1998</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>PEARSON, Eva Mildred Mykleby</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>They Did Not Have Horns, Norbakk Press, St. Paul, MN. </b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>A rather whimsical book. But worth reading to get a better understanding of Catholics, who speak Norse. The book inspired a better understanding of the feather head dress of those Catholics which appears to be traceable from the LENAPE history to the “EYEWITNESS” sketches of the English invasion. The “Father-Son-Holy Ghost” hair-do appears in both.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>1999</i></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: x-large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i></i></b></span><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: x-large;"><i>by Jill Lepore</i></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b>The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>Lepore describes the vicious religious warfare between the Catholics and the Protestants in Norumbega (a.k.a New England). </i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>But suppression by omission kept her from knowing the people who opposed the Protestants were Catholics.</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: large;"><b><i>Lepore wrote that the war was so vicious that there were ONLY TWO acts of decency during the war. The brother of my ancestor did one of them. </i></b></span><br />
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<br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">2007</span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;">Myron </span></b><b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: large;">Paine,</span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica;"><i><span style="font-size: large;">FROZEN TRAIL to MERICA, Talerman</span></i></b><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica;"><i><span style="font-size: large;">Galde Press </span></i></b><br />
<b style="font-family: helvetica;"><i><span style="font-size: large;">Paine writes a historical novel to determine if humans could survive migration from Greenland to North America. He conluded that they did.</span></i></b><br />
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<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">2009,</span></span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: large;">Myron Paine</span><span style="font-size: medium;">,</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="font-size: x-large;">FROZEN TRAIL to</i></span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="font-size: x-large;">MERICA, </i></span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: Helvetica;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i style="font-size: x-large;">Walking to Merica</i><span style="font-size: large;">.</span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica";"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>PAINE described the major episode in LENAPE History, when they migrated from Greenland to a place described as the Abundance of Rivers. [James Bay.]</b></i></span></span></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: xx-small;"><b>.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>2009</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>John </b></span><b style="text-indent: -48px;">Sorenson,</b><span style="text-indent: -0.5in;"><b> and</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="text-indent: -0.5in;"><b>Carl </b></span><b style="text-indent: -0.5in;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Johannessen, </span></b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></b><b style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/World-Trade-Biological-Exchanges-Before/dp/0595524419">World Trade and Biological Exchanges Before 1492</a></span>,</b><span style="font-size: large;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b>Sorenson and Johannessen document the movement of plants around the world. Transport of plants to North America is shown.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b><br /></b></i></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>2012</i></b></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIZGdEIjg03WG5yDeKgG1gl8AGqBBsAgMP9Gr8GiK9BIsuTSJkWHq2XKWhoiYcMuQ2n7AXLEzv0Ki0enoC7P7qSop1xvMJ7Nac6r6YA1fqzbEwYGdWihWW-eJzmsoZkiaBOE2-bNGcyVw/s1600/51uyigr8-7L._AC_US160_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIZGdEIjg03WG5yDeKgG1gl8AGqBBsAgMP9Gr8GiK9BIsuTSJkWHq2XKWhoiYcMuQ2n7AXLEzv0Ki0enoC7P7qSop1xvMJ7Nac6r6YA1fqzbEwYGdWihWW-eJzmsoZkiaBOE2-bNGcyVw/s1600/51uyigr8-7L._AC_US160_.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span>
<b style="font-size: x-large; text-indent: -0.5in;"><i>Bernard Bailyn</i></b><span style="font-size: large;"><b><i>The </i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>Barbarous Years: </b></span><b style="font-size: x-large; text-indent: -0.5in;">The Peopling of British North America: The Conflict of Civilizations, 1600-1675</b><br />
<b style="font-size: x-large; text-indent: -0.5in;">Another book about the peopling of North America where suppression by omission kept the author from realizing that those opposed to the English Protestants were <a href="http://myronpaine.blogspot.com/2013/06/the-barbarous-years.html"><span style="color: blue;">Catholics, who spoke </span></a></b><br />
<b style="font-size: x-large; text-indent: -0.5in;"><a href="http://myronpaine.blogspot.com/2013/06/the-barbarous-years.html"><span style="color: blue;">Norse.</span></a></b><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><i><b></b></i></span><br />
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LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-57803672683729177342016-08-16T09:20:00.000-07:002019-04-16T09:04:03.173-07:00NORSE ARTIFACTS<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><b>WHEN the ENGLISH INVADED,</b></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>MOST AMERICANS WERE CATHOLICS,</b></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">WHO SPOKE NORSE!</span></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><b>NORSE ARTIFACTS</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small; text-align: left;">.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Holand collected thirteen (13) 14th century artifacts. Ten of them are shown below. He found similar artifacts in the museums of Norway. These artifacts appear to be ignored by Social Scientists, who write textbooks for early American History.</b></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_hM4RGAyH6q0l9rUkd4U923lZkIy1IVxk2QAsHNrrb_Li30buNtKiwbun5NdJJs0V-9n9tsIZK-5OttHwA-_RrSN14I7SfhGPmmAd0Elsn3BB5eOqcOOd5ieCXUc7eI96d1QhhhyAdhY/s1600/Holand+Artifacts1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_hM4RGAyH6q0l9rUkd4U923lZkIy1IVxk2QAsHNrrb_Li30buNtKiwbun5NdJJs0V-9n9tsIZK-5OttHwA-_RrSN14I7SfhGPmmAd0Elsn3BB5eOqcOOd5ieCXUc7eI96d1QhhhyAdhY/s640/Holand+Artifacts1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The Halberts might have come from King Magnus' court, 1355.</span></td></tr>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOlcGCEo0fXB6-RUJqIzCHEwjC6J2ZaWjiDeov8AFofK6PHLbyq6FBZoL3WceqvOPGhWVXPGkt0RAkTgkQ2udh3arHHf3YV0CSq23NE_oZWk1PlVznJafJFBkRAVzULeyULCGfGUOptxs/s1600/Holard+Artifacrs2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><br /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi12IU831erWyUPJeimx6zULmgg9EPTKquRfPjDGaxaKKMwVbMsej35OnrhZ2H4oBG1W94Cutr0nAtwphLOPhznLfMQIGlhx7ZlJSkOPM0JktnYatCfNp_Yyl7piKGTObKy7Gm0T1cz7kQ/s1600/Holard+Artifacrs2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi12IU831erWyUPJeimx6zULmgg9EPTKquRfPjDGaxaKKMwVbMsej35OnrhZ2H4oBG1W94Cutr0nAtwphLOPhznLfMQIGlhx7ZlJSkOPM0JktnYatCfNp_Yyl7piKGTObKy7Gm0T1cz7kQ/s640/Holard+Artifacrs2.jpg" width="406" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;">There has been little written for kids to read about these Norse artifacts. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;">Social Scientists, </span><span style="font-size: small;">who ignore Holand, state that these 14th century tools were probably carried to America by 19th century immigrants. </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Holand had already written about evidence that made this statement invalid. </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">There are a few modern American communities with higher density of modern Scandinavians, which have not yielded 14th century artifacts. Wausau, Wisconsin is one example.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">Also the halberds could not be found in Scandinavia. How could 19th century immigrants </span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">carry a halberd to America, when that Halberd does not exist in Norway museums?</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">This evidence contributes to the understanding that the Norse were in Wynland of West in the 14th century. Yet Social Scientists, who do not do their homework, continue to pedal the myth that the poor </span><span style="font-size: x-large;">Scandinavian immigrants, who were lured to America by the railroads, had enough spare luggage room so they could salt the earth of western Minnesota with the best steel tools of the 14th century. </span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;">T</span><span style="font-size: x-large;">hen there is the whetstone with the steel core, which Steve Hilgren found near Fish Lake in Minnesota in AD 2009.</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;">So who do you believe? Holand or most social scientists, who teach Early American History?</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;">If your kids, or grandkids, answer that the "Norse were first Europeans to come to America," will their SAT scores earn tthem a scholarship?</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><b>DISCUSSION</b></span></div>
<span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;">If you believe in the evidence you see, how would you convince thousands of Social Scientists to show the pictures to the kids?</span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<i><span style="font-size: x-large;">[Remember most textbook publishers will rewrite textbooks primarily to sell more. If the teacher rejects a textbook for any reason, publishers will try to remove the reason.]</span></i><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">WORD</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://minnesotawaterway.blogspot.com/2016/08/week-15-part-c-ogema.html"><span style="color: blue;">OGEMA</span></a></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: magenta; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-32795119035234560982016-08-10T08:37:00.000-07:002019-04-19T14:19:38.167-07:00LENAPE HISTORY, WHETSTONES<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><b>WHETSTONES</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Archaeologists, who do research on ancient sites, know that if they find a whetstone, they can be positive that Norse were in the neighborhood.</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN4rsMxK1aBJJzfq2CDkQBQs_07ThUDk_wQsurdSvquw2QNrhBvf3mJPeL2tgM3YKC7Xhcq9pkTMrMCx-qoE3VdgltNx-ZaKX5UZm3xDEhG_jZiCofueBL-BL53wxOVOlPA7IdIwxwIaU/s1600/whetstone+close.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhN4rsMxK1aBJJzfq2CDkQBQs_07ThUDk_wQsurdSvquw2QNrhBvf3mJPeL2tgM3YKC7Xhcq9pkTMrMCx-qoE3VdgltNx-ZaKX5UZm3xDEhG_jZiCofueBL-BL53wxOVOlPA7IdIwxwIaU/s640/whetstone+close.jpg" width="500" /></a></div>
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<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>This Whetstone, was found by Steve Hilgren south east of Wynland.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: medium;"><b style="font-size: 13px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><b style="font-size: 13px;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></span></b></span><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>The whetstone shows that Norse were in western Minnesota. This artifact is evidence that the Norse skulls found by Thomas E. Lee are valid.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">.</span></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>The skulls were carbon dated to AD 1040.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: white;">.</span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Thus whetstones found in America may indicate Norse settlements in America dating back one thousand years. </b></span><br />
<span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>A whetstone, similar to the one Hilgrenn found, was the only artifact found under the Kensington Rune Stone.</b></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihullrFP2y-jxiBC2SkLQZjSwyHkVts4PSLWp2HOG88NdCr-WBDjz4oKcTMYXa1RG4CcmeUslL2rCXuqOrbqfNHIOa-m8kyyVmsjpt2ZmW3Cw9ztRA9YrIxCJy43GZlxP4IMBTro6dGjs/s1600/Whetstone.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><img border="0" height="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihullrFP2y-jxiBC2SkLQZjSwyHkVts4PSLWp2HOG88NdCr-WBDjz4oKcTMYXa1RG4CcmeUslL2rCXuqOrbqfNHIOa-m8kyyVmsjpt2ZmW3Cw9ztRA9YrIxCJy43GZlxP4IMBTro6dGjs/s640/Whetstone.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><i>A Whetstone similar to this was found near the Kensington Rune Stone. </i><i>It may have a metal rod inside.</i></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: white;">.</span></span></span>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>A comparable whetstone has been found in the Museums in Greenland.</b></span></span></div>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4uIrBnjppE8Gw2-7gNizKGvrNSEZXDjuYCMOqc3ZSJd8KSC23CE8zu9DofwkiqkyANo-uy0kNGldS2p_L_li1DuNJMpHVphL6Dz31A5aKvi_KFov3qeLVys1iZe0_vCsDQA3mpVfVGmk/s1600/whetstone.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><img border="0" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4uIrBnjppE8Gw2-7gNizKGvrNSEZXDjuYCMOqc3ZSJd8KSC23CE8zu9DofwkiqkyANo-uy0kNGldS2p_L_li1DuNJMpHVphL6Dz31A5aKvi_KFov3qeLVys1iZe0_vCsDQA3mpVfVGmk/s640/whetstone.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><div>
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><i><b>Whetstone found in Greenland</b></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">________________</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<b style="text-align: left;"><b>The major Copper Haulers route was south, out of the Christian Sea, up the Nelson River and across Lake Winnipeg.</b></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large; font-weight: 400;">.</span></span></b></b></span></div>
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<b style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">At the south end of Lake Winnipeg the route went three ways. </span></b></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: white;">.</span></span></span></div>
<div>
<b style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">One way was to Thunder Bay, north of Lake Superior.</span></b></b></div>
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<b style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;">.</span></b></b></div>
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<b style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">The second way was south, going up the Red River.</span></b></b></div>
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<b style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b><b><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;">.</span></b></b></span></b></b></div>
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<b style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">The third way was west toward Minot, ND then south to reach the northern bend of the Missouri.</span></b></b></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b><b><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;">.</span></b></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">If Norse had followed the Copper Route into North America, there should have been whetstones found along the routes.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-weight: 400;">.</span></span></b></span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="color: magenta; font-size: x-large;">Were there any whetstones found in the Dakotas?</span></b></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b><b><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;">.</span></b></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The answer is, “<i>None that we know about.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i></span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b><b><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;">.</span></b></b></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">But South Dakota does have two <i>Whetstone</i> waterways.</span></b></div>
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<span style="clear: left; float: left; font-size: x-large; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="564" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvXBcIVghkVnddXwWm2_ILKwN8vl6SJ5AieJF8bfM70prpVqqVFeYFMBH6o1xllhjA5LkAreM7_K6jpeYHjOqf4AKGIoDOR5Qo3QWLAmHRvVeRejorLHlILZqI70KZOrQ9gvX4VB31DYg/s640/South+Dakota.jpg" width="640" /></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">The overview shows where they are. The Whetstone River near Big Stone Lake (north east corner).</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">
<b><b><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></b></span><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">The Big Stone Lake area would have been a place where Norse may have lived for extended periods. It is a site with woods, water, and a large body of water near-by.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmDG3sdrQ5KR0ex1qJO_-LQtji8R1_kjQcW4YnA91VpfyOgODHoszOsrUmfdhaxTiFuJ6RrkEFRSGnWKrniJytHyc-2Dnehb9UxntGVLK-MfMhCc_M3Hcg71GxC_5ap3pK2YICMHn8ZJY/s1600/Whetstone+River.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><img border="0" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmDG3sdrQ5KR0ex1qJO_-LQtji8R1_kjQcW4YnA91VpfyOgODHoszOsrUmfdhaxTiFuJ6RrkEFRSGnWKrniJytHyc-2Dnehb9UxntGVLK-MfMhCc_M3Hcg71GxC_5ap3pK2YICMHn8ZJY/s640/Whetstone+River.jpg" width="640" /></span></a><span style="font-size: x-large; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">The Whetstone Creek near Geddes, SD, has similar terrain adjacent to a major water source.</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo0XPv16sU3XOB3GFBIHRBLxZvcI8DV2SD4CqU6zIUpHDX4bGrw2rd6Nioi-tLtaWpAQA0aa2Yqvk6g7JGaW268zpOIlbrf__NB94cuFEfT2wM8_7hxj_xImiJ1awm0KCNABuk6huUxvA/s1600/Whetstone+creek.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo0XPv16sU3XOB3GFBIHRBLxZvcI8DV2SD4CqU6zIUpHDX4bGrw2rd6Nioi-tLtaWpAQA0aa2Yqvk6g7JGaW268zpOIlbrf__NB94cuFEfT2wM8_7hxj_xImiJ1awm0KCNABuk6huUxvA/s640/Whetstone+creek.jpg" width="640" /></span></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Both Whetstone areas may have been the location of Norse people. </span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: medium;">From this location Norse people may have “discreetly slipped away” and </span><span style="font-size: medium;">populated eastern North America during the two hundred years before the Little Ice Age.</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Compare the 200 year span to the 240 years the United States has existed. There was adequate time for the Norse to populate eastern Norse America. The evidence shows that they did.</b></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">When “No one turned back,” the LENAPE may have known their relatives </span><span style="font-size: large;">were living in better conditions in areas to the west.</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">WORD</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://lenapehistory.blogspot.com/2016/08/week-14-part-c-white-owl.html"><span style="color: blue;">WHITE OWL</span></a></span></b></div>
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LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-35572003478032849342014-11-19T17:05:00.001-08:002017-04-19T10:06:16.672-07:00Holands's 1928 drawing of the Viking Waterway.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: x-small;"><b>WHEN the ENGLISH INVADED,</b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: small;">MOST AMERICANS were CATHOLICS</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">WHO SPOKE NORSE.</span></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUwomkMebJdxXDhvlvvwyIWDR1tJKiC56ewzF3_DjH_9i08KJ5XXjvdkrCwPKXu9PPyznKj622nNIr96RTqCqxyMpdGda4-MJqW5tWjOYxswRKm6DkcdqFH29qx3ruYmKeFVE_Iprilzds/s1600/HolandRoute1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUwomkMebJdxXDhvlvvwyIWDR1tJKiC56ewzF3_DjH_9i08KJ5XXjvdkrCwPKXu9PPyznKj622nNIr96RTqCqxyMpdGda4-MJqW5tWjOYxswRKm6DkcdqFH29qx3ruYmKeFVE_Iprilzds/s640/HolandRoute1.jpg" width="329" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">The Viking Waterway</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">connected the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;">Red River</span> watershed</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>to the <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">Mississippi</span> w</b><b>atershed</b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Thus creating a <span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue;">waterway capable of floating</span></span></b></div>
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<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">small knarr boats with </span></b><br />
<b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: blue; font-size: x-large;">crews fifteen or sixteen men</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">on a <span style="color: red;">Viking</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: red;"> voyage</span> from</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">A <a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Moragsoorm.jpg">Viking knarr</a> having </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">seven rowers per side</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">would be an example of the boat</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;"> that traversed America</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">The map above was made in 1928</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">by Hjalmar Holand.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">It took until 1956 to publish the information</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">in "Explorers in America Before Columbus."</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: x-large;">The triangles represent mooring stones.<o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>Harbors, most man modified,</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>are seen via Google Earth</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>near each mooring stone.</b></span><br />
<b><span style="color: white; font-size: xx-small;">.</span></b><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>A huge number of slaves</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>(Asia minor and Europe was full of slaves then)</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>may have been carried in by ship and boats</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>to modify the natural harbors</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>to enable the knarr to float on water</b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico.</b></span></div>
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<b><o:p><span style="font-size: x-large;">Myron D Paine, Ph. D. [Engineering]</span></o:p></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>traced the transcontinental waterway</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>February 28, 2010</b><b> </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="http://minnesotawaterway.blogspot.com/2012/04/topics.html">TOPICS</a></span><br />
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LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6129148224810759980.post-15779800551110973412014-11-19T17:04:00.005-08:002014-11-19T17:04:40.824-08:00Beginning of the Minnesota waterway passage in 1362<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: -webkit-auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Buffalo River comes from the east. In spring the waters may be fast. But notice that the river runs through country that would have been prairie in the 14<sup>th</sup> century. A crew of 30 men could have pulled a heavy (Holand estimated 1,500 pounds) longboar upriver.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Possibly there might have been men with pulling ropes on both sides of the river. The river rises 300 feet in about 90 miles. The boat may have been pulled, but it was floating on water. The pulling task may have taken 3 to 5 days.</span></b></div>
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[Click on photos for a larger view.]</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG6jAxGEPuXxP05A-IKqH3_Ls2lutZ27ldQBbLLjRh3M1OSoxckdo2YrBVeNVV9jPNHrheciMDknYLgYW842zrn9RYI_VVlSs9mgXzu3BtWGx3YfZB0iYaUAEK8cTBrWQmBR7e-Nb_WepM/s1600/KRSNW2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG6jAxGEPuXxP05A-IKqH3_Ls2lutZ27ldQBbLLjRh3M1OSoxckdo2YrBVeNVV9jPNHrheciMDknYLgYW842zrn9RYI_VVlSs9mgXzu3BtWGx3YfZB0iYaUAEK8cTBrWQmBR7e-Nb_WepM/s640/KRSNW2.jpg" height="505" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-large;">Junction of Buffalo River and Red River</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><a href="http://minnesotawaterway.blogspot.com/2011/08/rest-of-story.html">The REST of the Story</a></b></span></div>
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LENAPE LANDhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16737817275948542474noreply@blogger.com0