READING LIST

On Jun 7, 2013, at 3:25 PM, Cleo Johnson wrote:

Are there any books you would recommend our reading in order for us to have more background on the tour?  Cleo Johnson.

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Here is a very select list with comments to help guide your selection.  I suggest you read them in order if you can.  I find some of these books are so low priced that it is easier to buy than to wait for interlibrary loan.

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Goggle ABEbooks. 
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The list is by date, 
oldest first, 
then author 
and title.

Notice: Some of the books have existed for centuries.

This list is evidence of a systematic suppression by omission, which was started about AD 1610 by the English Protestants and is now entrenched in  North American school curriculums. 
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Academic professors should have, could have, made these books required reading for most Early American history courses.  
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The 1,000 year-old LENAPE History is available on line at LENAPE LAND. 
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1070 
Adam DE BREMEN,
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Descriptio Insularum Aquilonis, (quoted in Olsen and Bourne, The Northmen, Columbus, and Cabot, 1906)
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1885
Danial G.BRINTON,
. The Lenape’ and their Legends,
 Philadelphia
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1891 
Eben Norton HORSFORD
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 Norse Discovery of America,
 Boston, MA
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1909
R. A. DOUGLAS-LITHGOW
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Native American Place Names of Massachusetts, Applewood Books, Bedford, MA
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1940
Reider T. SHERWIN,
. The Viking and The Red Man, 
. Vols. 1-2, Funk & Wagnalls Co., NY, 
Vols 3-8 private printing.  Eight Volumes, in 1940-42-44-46-48-50-53-56
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1941
Karl N.LLEWELLYN, 
and  E. Adamson Hoebel,
. The Cheyenne Way, 
U of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK.
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1958
Hjalmar R. HOLAND,
.  Explorations in America Before Columbus, Twayne Publishers, Inc., NY.
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1965 
Farley Mowat,

 Westviking,
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1966

Magnus Magnusson, and
Herman Palsson,
.  The Viking Sagas

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1966
Charles H. HAPGOOD,
. Maps of the Ancient Sea Kings, 
Chilton Co., Philadelphia.
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1966
Thomas E. LEE, 
. Archaeological Discoveries, Payne Bay Region, Ungava, University Lavel, Quebec, Canada.
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1970
THOMAS E. LEE

Archaeological Investigations of a Longhouse, Pamiok Island. Ungava,  University Lavel, Quebec, Canada.
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1966
Ingstad Helge,
. LAND UNDER the POLE STAR
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1972
James Robert Enterline,
. Viking America

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1976
 Barry FELL

 America BC,
 Demeter Press, NY
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1982
BARRY FELL 
. Bronze Age America, Little, Brown & Co., Boston MA
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1998
Farley Mowat,
.  The Wayfarers,
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2007
 Myron Paine,
 FROZEN TRAIL to MERICA, Talerman 

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 2008,
Myron Paine, 
. FROZEN TRAIL to
MERICA, Walking to Merica.
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2009
John Sorenson, an
Carl Johannessen, 
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 World Trade and Biological Exchanges Before 1492, 
(on Amazon+electronic copy)

LENAPE HISTORY OUTLINE

VIKING VISITORS to NORTH AMERICA [23 min DVD]

presents evidence that:

     Vikings were in North America 1,000 years ago, and

     They were still in western Minnesota in 1362.

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VIKING WATERWAY  presents modern evidence to show

why the Vikings were in North America.

     They were in North America to trade throughout the

      Mississippi basln.

           They used an ancient waterway from the

           Copper Trading Era.

     The major trade route is still in use as I-95.

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LENAPE LAND  [38 stanzas of 144 stanzas of Oldest American History presents testimony that:

     Vikings called themselves “Lenape.”

      Lenape came to western Minnesota about 1121.

      More Lenape migrated to western Minnesota by 1360

      Lenape history connects to modern history

            By reporting:

                 The first meeting of US style Government 

                 A Norwegian rescue attempt,

                 The fate of Paul Knudson,

                 The ten mates dead episode.

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LENAPE MIGRATION presents the route the Lenape took when they left western Minnesota

      Geographic connections include:

             the caves in South Eastern Minnesota,

             the land west of the Mississppi,

             the Missouri, Mississippi, and Ohio rivers.

              the Atlantic coast.

      Historical connections include:

              the 1472 Norwegian ship.

               the fight with De Soto,

               the devastation of De Soto’s diseases.

                the 2^nd English Voyage to America.

EVIDENCE vs MYTHICAL PARADIGM

and the winner is ...?
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Had the information of the Viking Visitors to North America been promptly promoted by the academic Social Scientists, other scholars could have avoided their own long quests to put pieces of the Norse history in America together.  
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That Norse were in America 1,000 years ago should have become school kid knowledge two decades ago.  The evidence and testimony would now be readily accepted as just that--more evidence of the Norse presence in America.
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If you have never heard of the evidence before, the issue is not that it did not exist (It did) or that it is some type of clever fake now. (It is not.)  
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The evidence is what exists after six centuries of unwritten history.    During one of those centuries, the 17th, Englishmen were actively attempting to cover up the existence of Norse Christians in North America.  Most of the known evidence will still exist three decade from now.  Just as the evidence in the Viking Visitors has survived three decades.
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The real issue is that the academic educators do not have a systematic method to incorporate newly discovered artifacts into school classrooms.  So the North American educators are teaching a mythical paradigm for Early American History.  The mythical paradigm was created by English men, who omitted an accurate account of past events from history.
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The migration route of the Norse Christians, the Lenape, was slightly different than the Viking Visitors film shows.  But Lee and his fellow researchers made the correct deductions about the two outstanding areas of artifacts that showed the evidence Norse in America.  
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Six hundred years ago those areas had been connected for four centuries by men rowing boats.   The Vatican knew the Norse Christians were there. The final migration of Norse Christians from Greenland happened at the start of the Little Ice Age about 1,346.  They left churches behind.
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Lee's last article in Beaver Magazine, 1983, (reprinted in Ancient American Magazine, 2012) does not mention the existence of the Viking Visitors film.  Apparently Lee was not told it was completed.  Lee wrote that he was deeply disappointed.  

The researchers and the film producer had done an outstanding task of presenting Lee's research.  But academic Social Science professors continue to believe the mythical paradigm they teach. 
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Apparently, three decades later, National Film Board of Canada digitized its films into DVDs.  The technicians may not have known the film was not actively distributed three decades earlier. 
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TheVikTube web site in Norway uploaded Viking Visitors as two videos, which appears to be a standard practice to put educational information online using the "fair value" process to avoid paying for copyright.  
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Now, if you have viewed the two parts of the Viking Visitors, you may have just observed the reason why the film was not promoted by educators. 
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The reason for the lack of promotion may have been because the film is compelling evidence that the current Social Science version of North American history is a mythical paradigm.
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The physical evidence of Lee's research results were/are not compatible with the Eurocentric Paradigm, which was, and still is,  the paradigm in the minds of most .Social Scientists.  
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Why and how the film was not made available to the educators throughout the North American continent is not known.  What is known is that more than the film was ignored.  Two of the most well known authors, who wrote about ancient  North America published comprehensive survey books and did not mention Lee's Ungava research.          [Ida Jane Gallagher, Contact,   and   Fred C, Rydholm,  Michigan  Copper.]

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The Smithsonian in the book. Vikings : The North Atlantic Saga by William F. Fitzhugh, Elisabeth Ward and William W. Fitzhugh (Apr 17, 2000) assured its readers that the stone walls on Ungava peninsula were native fishing shelters.  
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The same book devoted a chapter to debunking most artifacts that may indicate a Norse presence in America.  The predominate judgment of most Ancient America scholars is that those debunked artifacts should be considered valid evidence.

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Now, thirty-four years of students have graduated from American schools without knowing the Viking Visitors research results.  At least 136 million graduates have become the defenders of the Eurocentric Paradigm.  The Viking Visitors to North America, which should be seen most student in the world, has been viewed slightly more than 9,000 times.
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This episode is only one of a string of episodes, which illustrate that the Eurocentric Paradigm is more powerful than the best deduction  of a majority of the best scholars attempting to define the actual account of past events based on evidence.  
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The mythical paradigm appears to be more powerful than evidence of an accurate account of past events.  So, dear viewer, if you have read this far, you have been seduced into an unpleasant choice.  
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If you do nothing, the Eurocentric Paradigm is the clear winner.
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If you take every opportunity to advocate the VIKING VISTORS film, then the agreement of 27 scholars thirty four years ago may someday be be learned by the next year's crop of 4 million kids.
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You must choose, "The winner is ..."

THE VIKING SWORD.

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People with the Eurocentric Paradigm, profoundly disturbed the provence of the Viking Sword.  Today diligent researchers avoid using the Viking Sword as evidence of Norse in America because of the uncertainty.  Apparently no researcher has considered the historical connection to the Norwegian King Harald the Hardrada, who went to the western sea with the largest fleet in the world.  He was out to sea for at least two years.
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Yet a recent NOVA program showing the modern creation of a 11th century Viking sword demonstrates all the important features of the Viking sword in Ulen MN.  The Ulen MN sword should be considered valid until knowledgable metallurgists examines the sword with modern instruments. 
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The Viking Sword is outstanding example of faulty logic of people, who have the Eurocentric Paradigm. They cannot believe the simple meaning of a metal object of great antiquity found beneath the hard pan of Minnesota because they have been taught the Mythical Pristine Wilderness Paradigm, which is that no European came to America before Columbus.
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The real problem with the validity of the Viking Sword is the Mythical Primitive Wilderness Paradigm.  If the Viking Sword, or any other ancient European artifact in America, is accepted as fact then the Mythical Primitive Wilderness Paradigm MUST be a myth.  If the Primitive Wilderness Paradigm is a Myth, then all of the North American pre-history and most of the Early American History is a myth.
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Social Scientists do not have a systematic procedure for altering a mythical history that has been taught for centuries and is printed in millions of books.  
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Everyone. who has been taught the Mythical Pristine Wilderness Paradigm (and that means nearly everyone), has already been given a judgment about the Viking Sword. It CANNOT be valid because it does not fit the Mythical Pristine Wilderness PARADIGM.
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At the Conference of Ancient America, the participants remind each other that a better paradigm is "Many People came to Ancient America from many places at many times."  The Viking Sword fits into that paradigm, along with most of the other artifacts found in America.
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The Norse were in America long before the Eurocentric Paradigm, arrived. That Paradigm has profoundly distorted history to cover up the existence of Norse Christians.  About three million descendants of Norse Christians are still being ignored in America today.
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RETURN to EVIDENCE.

The NELSON RIVER

was the access portal to WYNLAND of WEST,

Map of Nelson River from Lake Winnipeg (bottom) to Hudson Bay
(Hudson Bay was labeled "Mer Christians" on a1658 French map. )

ELEVATION PROFILE OF THE NELSON RIVER
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There are a few people who say "The Vikings never used the Nelson River, because the water flows too fast."s

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The evidence appears to indicate that they did use the Nelson River.  Every one of the natural rapids appears to have a by-pass, so men on the ground could pull their boats around the rapids.

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The hypothesis is that the by-passes were made during the copper mining age.  Other streams on the Canadian shield coming from other regions do not appear to have the man-made by-passes.

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The copper miners might have developed the straight channel up stream of the Kelsey Dam.  This channel has cross channels at each end.  The cross channels may have been harbors for many boats.

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The 1708 French Carte du Canada exaggerated the Nelson River to Lake Winnipeg.  The indication is that the Nelson River must have been used in the 17th century by the Americans and the French.

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Men probably pulled their boats up stream in the steepest part of the river.  The water might flow fast, but the men walking on shore walked up a nearly flat slope.  The steepest part of the Nelson River is now beneath reservoir basins.  But the slope of 100 meters in 90 kilometers through the reservoir area does not appear to be too strenuous for men pulling boats.

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An easier visualization is one yard stick high in 3284 feet of walking or about one foot every thousand feet.  Obvious the slope of the path of the men walking on the bank would not have been a limiting factor.

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The relative flat slope, the by-passes of every natural rapids, the long straight channel with perpendicular cross channels and the exaggeration of the Nelson on the 1708 Carte du Canada imply that the Nelson River was used by the copper miners, the Vikings and the French Voyagers.

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The name "Norway" house on the water route to Lake Winnipeg in a land occupied by French and then by the English implies that the French may not have been the first people on the Nelson River.  The fact that the French named Hudson Bay Mer Christians implies that the first peopl on the Nelson River were Christians.

VIKING WATERWAY TOUR STATUS

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 28 2013    

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    We told the VIKING WATERWAY STORY to 43 TOURists on the bus.

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          The VIKING WATERWAY still exists.  We are even more convinced, if that is possible, because the bus driver recognized a second more ancient man-made jetty and Mark Hilde led us to four mooring stones.  These events happened on an overcast morning with light drizzle.  The events all before lunch!  In the afternoon the Tourists saw and walked on the dikes of Alexandria Lake. 

The people on the bus have come the DTL LENAPE OMIGA COUNCIL.  The DTL council was the first group in North America, who recognized that Hjalmar Holand's  1928 sketch of the waterway between the Red River and the Mississippi River was valid.  The DTL council saw man-modified terrain along the waterway.
      They saw:
              Mooring stones
              Boat Ramps,
              Channeling,
               Jetties (Ancient & Old) 
               Dikes (two)
               and Dams.

There are at least 26 people in the Detroit Lakes region that may be willing to tell the story.

They will have links to the Online information. They may have access to the Viking Waterway Booklet.

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Other WATERWAY tours with a DTL guide may be made with any size group in any vehicle on any date.

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SO give the Detroit Lakes Chamber of Commerce  your name, telephone number, email address, and address.

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The DTL LENAPE COUNCIL will add you to the WATERWAY list.  The DTL Council will inform you of the next available Viking Waterway tour. 

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     If you desire, the DTL  will try  to coordinate another tour at your connivence.

Plan ahead for summer family exeriece.  The Pelican River from Pelican Lake MN to Fergus Falls Mn is a man-modified river.

A family outing with canoes and kayak will be floaring on a river which was man-modified about 3,700 years ago.

__________

DTL LENAPE OGIMA COUNCIL

AMY DEGENDERSTORM  

Becker counthy Historical Society

ROGER JOHNSON

SONS of NORWAY

ROBERT HOOVER

International Director

CHARLES IVERSEN

VP Sons of Norway @ Dettroit Lakes

DETROIT LAKES

CHAMBER of COMMERCE

LIBRAY

ONLINE NEWSPAPER

JIM

The LODGE on the LAKE

MIDWEST PRINTING

01 Karl Hoenke,

             Rossmoore CA

02 Myron,
        Martinez CA
03 Birdie Lou Paine,
             Martinez CA
04 Ancient American Magazine #1
05 Ancient American Magazine #2
06  Robin Mueller
      New Prague MN
07  Curtis Rislund
         Audubon MN
08  Mary Rislund
        Audubon MN
09 Hank Ludtke
       Frazee, MN
10  Karen Field               Madison WI
 11 Harry Field                Madison WI
 12 Audrey Savig            Audubon, MN
 13 Jim C Savig              Audubon, MN
 14 Bob Horner               Detroit Lakes, MN

 15 David Melgaard         Valley City, ND

 16 Mrs. David Melgaard Valley City, ND

 17 Roger Johnson            Detroit Lakes, MN

 18   Cleo Johnson            Detroit Lakes, MN

 19  Shirley Rislund          Detroit Lakes, MN 

 20  Durland Rislund         Detroit Lakes, MN

  21 Tia Jackson  1           Unknown                

  22 Tia Jackson 2           Unknown                  
  23 Karsten Melgarrd #1                       ND
  24 Karsten Melgaard #2                      ND
  25 Jay Hillsten #1          Riverdale IA 
  26 Jay Hillsten #2          Riverdale IA
  27  Tom Stolberg           Madison, WI
  28  Dan Stolberg            Madison, WI                                
  29   Becker Co. Museum #1                MN    

  30   Becker Co. Museum #2                MN     

  31   Uhaul #1
  32   Uhaul #2                                           
  33   Ruth Lang             Detroit Lakes MN
  34   Lavaun Childs       Detroit Lakes MN
  35   Bruce Ray             Fargo ND
  36   Linda Hanson        Fargo ND
  37   Cynthia Nielson    Cody, WY
  38   Martin Nielson     Cody, WY
  39   Al Abee                Cody, WY
  40   Sheila Abee          Cody, WY
  41   Vern Orcutt         Cody, WY
  42    Linda Orcutt       Cody, WY
  43    Howard Field       Madison WI
  44    Ardia Hegna         Detroit Lakes MN
  45    Donna Stehling     Madison WI
  46    William Stehling   Madison  WI
  47    Elizabeth Mathews (?)   Detroit Lakes MN
  48    Elizabeth Mathews 2     Detroit Lakes MN
  49   D.J. Guerrero       Fargo ND
  50   Candace Olson      Detroit Lakes MN
  51   Mark Hilde           Audubon MN
  52   Mary Hilde           Audubon MN
  53   Kathy Tate            St. Paul (?) MN
  54   Joseph Priebe       Rochester MN
  55   Michael Fields       Rochester MN
  56   Robert Hoover      Detroit Lakes MN
  57   Dorothy Hoover    Detroit Lakes MN

TOURist BREIFING

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TOURists, who plan to fly into Fargo (High Ground) airport on Friday, September 27, 2013 should plan to take a rental car to Detroit Lakes, MN, on US 10E, 54 miles.  Please make your own reservations for a motel. [See Detroit Lakes Chamber of Commerce site.] Those, who have made reservations to date, are planning to stay at the Best Western Lodge on the Lake.

We plan a CALUMET SAGA TID  (Meeting, story telling time) at the Lodge on the Lake Friday evening.  The agenda will depend on the attendance.  We regret that Carl Johannssen 's wife broke her hip, so he will not attend. He was planning to present a brief summary of his research.  [See the link.]  The Viking Visitors video. an Introduction, and Copper culture presentations will be available.  A projector and big screen will be available for pictures.
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Another CALUMET SAGA TID is planned at the Lodge on the Lake for Saturday evening for those staying overnight.  Mark Hilde, who was the first mate on the Hjemkomest when it sailed from Duluth to Bergen, Norway will also talk about his adventure on a Viking ship.
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As we prepared the information pamphlet for the TOUR we discovered a terrain feature that appears to be man-made.  The large terrain feature appears to be located at an unique place.  The terrain feature may have served an important function in the VIKING WATERWAY.
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We have decided to let you experience the terrain feature in the context of the TOUR.  But we also would like the TOURists to evaluate the terrain feature.  We want to know what, if anything, we should do about the discovery.  So the TOURists will be evaluating this unique terrain feature.  Your judgment will be valuable to us.
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For those TOURists, who will be using the FARGO airport or driving in, Maureen Jonason HCSCC <maureen.jonason@ci.moorhead.mn.us> invites you to visit 

The Hjemkomst Center in Moorhead.

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     "All visitors who pay admission are welcomed to see the
      [Hjemkomst Long] ship, the 25-min. documentary about the
       building and sailing of the ship, and the Viking-era stave
       church replica as well as other exhibits in the museum.
       If you would like a guided tour for your group*, please make a
       reservation with our visitor services coordinator
       Markus Krueger.   If these are individuals who are coming on
       their own, then they need simply to pay admission."

       *Mark Hilde has volunteered to be the guide for the guided
        tour.   Right now the schedule is not firm.  The Hjemkomest
        center does not open until 12:00 Noon on Sunday.  If you
         would like a morning tour on Sunday, September 29, 2013,
         please inform Mark or I.  We may be able to arrange for
         Mark to give the tour in the morning.
___________________________________
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The Viking Waterway tour launches at 8:00 on Saturday morning.  Most motels have continental breakfasts.  You should be able to eat breakfast before we launch.

Water, snacks, and lunch will be provided.

Updated  July 30, 2013
August 20, 2013

VIKING CONTRIBUTIONS

Educators have written that "the Vikings did not make a significant contribution" to North America. 

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The educators do NOT give evidence or testimony to support their statements.
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There is evidence and testimony for the statements below:

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      The Vikings were in North America 1,000 years ago.

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      The Vikings in North America called themselves “Lenape.”

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      The Lenape were still in western Minnesota in 1362.

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      The Lenape, Shawnee, and 23 other kindred tribes still live in North America.

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That evidence and testimony is shown by the links of LENAPE EPIC TABLE of CONTENTS, including my biography, and a 185 item selected bibliography.

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The Vikings in the year 1,000 were in western Minnesota because the key link of Viking Waterway was there.  The Viking Waterway enabled heavy boats to move from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico.  
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The Vikings were the 11th century version of the UPS service to the people in the Mississippi basin.  The era is called the Mississippi culture.  Scroll down on the pdf file in the link to the Adena+ Hopewell+Mississippi image.  The black dots trace the Viking settlements.

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Shortly after the year 1,000, the Vikings in America became Christian.  Then they called themselves "LENAPE."  Eight groups of Lenape still live in New Jersey, New York, Ottawa, and Oklahoma. 
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Norway King Harald Hardrada and his fleet of about 300 ships stayed over the 1063-64 winter in Wynland of West.  They may have made the return trip to Norway via the Mississippi and the Gulf Steam.   During the time in Wynland, one of the Vikings lost his sword near Ulen Minnesota.
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About 1130, a survivor of that expedition carved upon his tomb stone in Norway a stanza that said he was "Out" (to sea) "and good (sailing) and God Bless" in "Vinland" he found a " secret treasure" (perhaps the Christian concepts) which no officer could take from him.

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 The Lenape were the grandfather tribe to the Shawnee and 23 other American tribes. Most of the tribes, who the French called Algonquin, based on theit language, were really Lenape.  They occupied an area from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Coast, from Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico. 
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This was the area of the Mississippi Basin plus the East Coast of North America.  Most of the area is connected by waterways.  Lenape descendants still tell of the time when the blond haired men with blue eyes came in their big boats.  These men were the friendly light skinned people of the fourth fire of the Seven Fires Prophecy, which was known by many American tribes.

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Vatican testimony indicates that the Lenape in western Minnesota in the 12th century were significant, but isolated, enough that the Pope allowed them to marry within 3 decrees relationship instead of the required 6 degrees of relationships.

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The Lenape wrote a history.  The first stanza, created in 1350, has the "Lenape" name in it.  The stanza describes  Greenland houses with heavy sod roofs.

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When the Lenape in Greenland walked across the ice to America, Norway King Magnus wrote a letter in 1354 commanding Paul Knutson to go the rescue of the Greenland people.  The letter is posted online in the Diplomatarium Norvegicum (volumes I-XXI).

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Search for LENAPE LAND > TABLE of CONTENTS > NO ONE TURNED BACK.  

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You will see the stanza that tells us that the Greenland Lenape said "NO" to the rescue.  They were headed to the fine land in western Minnesota.

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When you hit on "BOAT WRECK" you will see that Paul Knutson died in a boat wreck.  His broken sword, ax, and fire steel are on display at the Lake Nipigon museum.

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When you hit on "TOPICS" > "TEN MATES DEAD." you will see a stanza with a similar message that is punched into stone in the Kensington Rune Stone, which is dated 1362.

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The Lenape history goes on for 193 more years.  The history tells of growing corn and droughts. Many times the Lenape came to the rescue of devastated peoples in the Ohio valley.  In stanza 5.10 the Lenape and the Southern Lenape, called Shawnee, divided.  Shawnee went south by many waterways.  
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But to many Vikings-Lenape-Shawnee, the Ohio area was always considered home.  When the Anglos with guns became over powering they returned to Ohio.

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The Shawnee defended the southern tribes during the De Soto invasion.  They helped defeat De Soto. The Shawnee witnessed the Norway Ship of 1472.    The Shawnee and Lenape welcomed the English at Jamestown but were not able to turn back the English during the five years war of extermination.  

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The Lenape women, forced into slavery, were the laborers that enabled the English colonies to raise tobacco.  The Lenape women bore the English bastards, which were called De la Warr's children.  

Those English-Lenape bastards made their their significant contribution to North America. They shared their name with the Delaware River and State.  Their descendants won recognition as scouts in the Federal Army in the Civil War.

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The Lenape traded Manhattan to the Dutch for protection from the Mohawks. The Dutch massacred the Lenape--twice.
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When the English slave trade out of South Carolina was flourishing the Shawnee returned to defend the villages of the south.

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The Lenape started the principles of government by council.  See stanza MANALTING.  The Iroquois learned government by counsel from the Lenape.  The United States learned government by council from Iroquois.  So a major contribution of the Lenape was government by council.

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Meanwhile the Lenape taught Roger Williams the principles of Government by council, freedom of Speech, and freedom of religion.  He took those principles to England in 1643.  In the next year he secured a charter for Rhode Island that had those principles written into the charter.  A century later those Lenape principles were in the Constitution and the first amendment of the Bill of Rights.

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A Lenape, Talamend III, agreed to share land with William Penn when the New England Puritans were hanging Quakers.  The Lenape and the Quakers lived side by side in peace for 40 years.

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The Lenape and Shawnee believed in peaceful conflict resolution.  But the European nations brought their warfare culture to America The Lenape fought against the English because the Lenape had made treaties with the French first. They stopped the most powerful English Military expedition yet assembled to that time.

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Most of the Lenape honored their treaties with the English but tried to remain neutral during the first world war, a.k.a the French and Indians War. When the French lost the war, many of the Shawnee joined Pontiac's Rebellion, which failed a year later. They defended their home lands during Dunmore's war by stopping the Virginia Militia invasion at the battle of Mount Pleasant.  The Shawnee leader was Cornstalk.

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After the Revolutionary war the Shawnee fought the invading U. S, Army--twice!  On November 3, 1791, the army of a confederation of Indian tribes, led by Blue Jacket and Miami Chief Little Turtle, defeated an American expedition led by Arthur St. Clair, governor of the Northwest Territory.

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The Shawnee fought the U.S. Army at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794.  After that Battle most of the Shawnee bands signed the Treaty of Greenville a year later, in which large parts of their homeland were turned over to the United States. 

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On March 8, 1782 approximately ninety-six Lenape Indians were brutally massacred at Gardenhutten by local militia from western Pennsylvania.

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Then, in 1811, the Leader Tecumseh nearly organized a North American Shawnee opposition, but the American Army defeated the Shawnee in the Battle of Tippecanoe.

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Several hundred Missouri Shawnee left the United States in 1815 together with some Lenape people and settled in Texas, which was at that time controlled by Spain. This tribe became known as the Absentee Shawnee. 

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When the Lenape were driven west of the Mississippi in 1820, some stayed in their churches in New Jersey and New York.  During this episode a desperate a Lenape historian passed a set of the pictorial reminders for the oldest American history to Dr. Ward, an U.S. Army doctor in Indiana.

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The Lenape have always been sensitive to the plight of devastated peoples, including the slaves in the south.  Lenape high school and Cherokee high school in New Jersey are the result of that concern,

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Most of the "Indian" names for places along the Atlantic coast and in the Mississippi basin are Lenape names: from Savannah  Georgia to Quebec Ontario and from Wilmington, Delaware to Shawnee, Oklahoma.  Sixteen states have Lenape names.  Three provinces in Canada have Lenape names.

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So the evidence and testimony shows that the Vikings-Lenape-Shawnee made a very significant impact on North America. 
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By what ever name you choose to use, the VIKINGS-LENAPE-SHAWNEE deserve to have written text in history books that gives an accurate account of past events for future generations to learn.

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The Viking-Lenape-Shawnee history needs advocates to make that happen.

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 Are you one?