Four groups of authorities wrote about Norse Christians in WYNLAND of WEST [Western Minnesota] before 1,160 AD. Those authorities include:
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GREENLAND HISTORIANS in America.
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Greenland historians in America about 1355 AD, created the Greenland section of the Maalan Aarum. They created stanzas 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6. of the exploration of America by the Norse operating out of Greenland.
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Given the natural procedure of creating self-validating stanzas, one talented historian may have composed the original stanzas. But other historians, who may have sat around campfires, may have vetted the stanzas.
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Shortly afterwards the Greenland historians recorded, in stanza 3.8, an environmental disaster, which may have been caused by European animals on the fragile grassland of Greenland.
In stanza 3.9. the younger sons, who may not be able to inherit the Greenland farmstead, slip away discouraged. The pictograph associated with the stanza shows them slithering through what may be the wild rice around the Great Lakes in America.
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Although the Greenland historians did not use explicit modern labels, their sequence of events and the pictographs might have been understandable to men in America before the Little Ice Age. They might have understood that "The young Norse men, who were Christians, left Greenland, centuries before, (maybe 1050 AD). These Norse Christians may have gone to Wynland of West, where there was wild rice."
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"The common people in the east stole away, the brothers abandoned all
with great discouragement
and again discouragement"
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CHURCH HISTORIAN in Netherlands.
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Adam de Bremen, 1070, talked with the King of Denmark, who had just returned from an extended voyage in America.
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Adam de Bremen wrote about, "…an island in that ocean discovered by many, which is called VINLAND, for the reason that vines grow there, which yield the best of wine. Moreover that grain unseeded grows there abundantly, is not fabulous fancy but, from the account of the Danes, we know to be a fact."
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People with the Eurocentric fascination for wine have relatively ignored Adam de Bremen’s recording about the abundance of the unseeded grain. The details of Adam de Bremen's report require more analysis by people who wonder where Vinland was.
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WINE
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There are wild grapes in Minnesota, also blue berries, raspberries and nine other berries, most of which could have been brewed into wine. So Wynland of West had vines to make wine.
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WYNLAND
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Adam de Bremen appears to have erred in the reason for calling the location VINLAND. The Americans called many places, including western Minnesota "Wynaki," where "Wyn" is pronounced "Vin" and means "fine." "Aki," in America, meant "land, in Europe” So, to a Dane, who was in America in 1070, the location would have sounded like "Vinland" meaning "fine land."
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To Americans the full meaning of "Wyn" appears to have been "fine, smooth, cleared [of trees]." In other words "grass land," Adam de Bremen's, who had been told that there were vines for wine growing there, understanding for the reason for the "Vin" name may have been transferred to the grape vines.
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OCEAN discovered by Many,
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Western Europe is on the Atlantic Ocean. No one has been noted for discovering the Atlantic Ocean, which was always there on the shore.
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An "ocean discovered by many" may have been some ocean beyond the Atlantic. Hudson Bay might have been that ocean. Many captains had found Hudson Bay during the copper trading activity.
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ISLAND in that Ocean.
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On modern maps land in Western Minnesota and Canada, north of Minnesota, appear as if the land were firm and farmable. Modern map-readers are usually slow to discover that the terrain north of Minnesota could be more like a swamp.
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A person, who walks along the bank of the Red River at Moorhead MN in the fall, has difficulty conceiving that the Red River water may be miles to the east during the spring run off.
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Early sailors into western Minnesota observed a definite beach line far away from the Red River. They wisely chose to settle above the beach line. Today that beach line is called "Herman beach" because the town of Herman, MN, is built upon it. Herman beach, today, has an elevation of 330 meters. When the 330-meter line is marked on the map, the higher ground to the northeast looks like an Island.
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The ground in western Minnesota has been rebounding since the glaciers left. Until a more precise definition of water level in 1070 is developed, Adam de Bremen's description of an "Island" can be considered accurate for the high ground northeast of Herman MN.
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Thus the Adam de Bremen paragraph describes Wynland of West in all details except for his association of "Vinland" with vines.
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The POPE, the ARCHBISHOP, and the BISHOP
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Tornoe,1965, wrote: [Vineland is replaced by Wynland.]
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"From Gronlands Historiche Mindesmarker we know that in 1025 John XIX ordered Archbishop Unwan of Hamburg to organize the Church of Greenland and 'adjacent islands.' … In 1112 we know from Icelandic Annals that the Pope nominated Erik [Gnuppson] "Bishop of Greenland and Adjacent Islands." Erik traveled to [Wynland] in 1121. It is safe to assume a Bishop would not go to [Wynland] unless there were a significant number of Norse men there. …?"
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The BISHOP(S)
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Helge Ingstad, 1966, in his book, Under the Pole Star. 1966, also reported that Bishop Armand followed Bishop Erik Gnuppson to America and did not return.
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About 230 years after Bishop Gnuppson, other Greenland historians found Americans reciting Genesis in Wynland of West. The stanzas and pictographs of Genesis still exist over 880 years later.
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These stanzas are testimony that the Bishops Gnuppson and Armand had been using an endurable method of communicating knowledge through space and time; a self-validating memory verse keyed to a pictograph.
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The Greenland historians, who might have known about writing Latin onto paper, about syllabary or Ogami messages on wood, and about runes on rocks, might have chosen to use the memory stanza and pictograph method of recording history. Chapter 3 of the Maalan Aarum is the history of Greenland until the Little Ice Age. Then the last seven stanzas tell of the migration across the ice to America.
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Another POPE, Another ARCHBISHOP [half a century later]
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Tornoe,1965, also wrote:
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"But we do have a letter from about 1160 from the Pope to the Archbishop of Trondheim in which the Pope gives dispensation from Cannon Law regarding marriage for the people of an island (insula quedant) situated about twelve days sailing of more from … (a Norwegia)"
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The Kensington Rune Stone (1362) states in text punched into stone that the travel time to the ocean is fourteen days. The travel time from Kensington to Wynland of West, going downstream in a crew rowed boat, is about two days. The Kensington stone also mentions Wynland of West. So it is highly likely that the Pope of 1160 was writing about Wynland of West.
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The four independent statements from:
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1. Greenland historians,
2. a church historian in the Netherlands,
3. a Pope, an Archbishop, and two Bishops,
4. another Pope an another Archbishop,
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present testimony that, for over a century before 1160 AD, there had been an island in an ocean beyond the Atlantic, where Norse Christians found wild rice, found wild grapes, called the area "Wynland," taught Genesis, and were 12 days or more from contact with other Norse, but were still in contact with Church officials in Europe.
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In the early years of the Little Ice Age, 1340-1362, the migration of the Norse Christians, who called themselves Lenape, from Greenland to Wynland of West, produced America's oldest history and left behind fifteen Norse artifacts from the 14th century.
[Jan 7, 2013] The Catholic Answer forum,published an online article, "The Paul Knutson Expedition: The Greatest Adventure in the History of the World." The article substantiates most of the testimony in this post. Who built the Viking Church is a different person than the person identified in the America's Viking Church,post. We agree, aViking/Lenape built the church. Resolving the difference of opinion is left to graduate students.
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This testimony, history, and solid evidence found in western Minnesota is conclusive proof of Norse Christian Lenape presence in America before 1160 AD.
The Honen Rune Stone,
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William Hovgaard wrote in The Voyages of the Norsemen to America, 1914, pafe 114:
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At Honen in Ringerike, Norway, once existed a rune stone, the inscription on which was copied in 1823, but the stone has since disappeared. Professor Sophis Bugge conjectured that this inscription dated from 1010 to 1050 and read … it as follows:
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"Ut ok vilt ok purfa perre
ok ats Vinland a isa
I ubygd at komen;
aud ma illt vega doyi ar."
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"An interesting discussion of the Honen-stone was given by Professor Yngvar Nielson, at the Americanist Congress in Stutgart in 1904*. Professor Nielson is of the opinion that the inscription refers to a young man of high birth who took part in a expedition to Vinland, and he suggests that this expedition may have been undertaken by Norwegian King Harald Hardraada. He bases his opinion on the statements of Adam de Bremen about King Harald's voyage of exploration.
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"* Historisk Tideskraft Series 4, III, 248-293 and, Nordmaend og skraekinger i Vinland, Kristiania, 1904."
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COMMENT: The stanza appears to be in the Drottkvaett self-verifying format.
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Vinland is mentioned in the stanza, but more important is Vinland in the references. Professor Nielson apparently believed in 1904 that Vinland was located in Kristiania. Kristiania is labeled on the Carte du Canada of 172o,
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So the reference implies that a few scholarly people at the start of the 20th century knew Kristiania to be a region south of Hudson Bay in America. Vinland within Kristiania would imply that they knew Wynland of West was in western Minnesota.
The Honer Rune stone is more testimony (the stone is lost) of the existance of Vinland in the 11th century, and the record of the stone is more testimony that European scholars knew that Vinland was in Kristania in America.
The "mystery" of Vinland appears to have been created by English minds, who chose to omit details in history so no one would ever know that Vinland existed, certainly not in Kristania. Maybe because the English King's Charter said that English could not occupy the land of Christians.
